Section Eight

Organizing the R&D/Innovation Activity

TOPICS INCLUDED IN THIS SECTION INCLUDE:

Modified: August 26, 2016

Abbey, Augustus, "Technological Innovation: The R&D Work Environment", Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Research Press, 1982

Ahbrandt, R.S. and Blair, A.R., "What it Takes for Large Organizations to be Innovative", Research Management, Vol. 29, No. 2, March-April, 1986, pp. 34-37

Archibugi, Daniele and Iammarino, Simona, "The Policy Implications of the Globalisation of Innovation", Research Policy, Vol. 28, Nos. 2/3, March, 1999, pp. 317-336

Argyris, Chris, "On the Effectiveness of Research and Development", American Scientist, Vol. 56, Winter, 1968, pp. 344-355

Arimura, Sadanori, "How Matsushita Electric and Sony Manage Global R&D", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 42, No. 2, March-April, 1999, pp. 41-52

Armour, H.O. and Teece, D.J., "Vertical Integration and Technological Innovation", The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 62, No. 3, August, 1980, pp. 470-474

Arnold, R.H., "Pitfalls of Decentralization, or Setting the Fox to Guard the Chicken Coop", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 35, No. 3, May-June, 1992, pp. 9-11

Asakawa, Kazuhiro, "Organizational Tension in International R&D Management: the Case of Japanese Firms", Research Policy, Vol. 30, No. 5, May, 2001, pp. 735-757

Asakawa, Kazuhiro, "External-Internal Linkages and Overseas Autonomy-Control Tension: The Management Dilemma of the Japanese R&D in Europe", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 43, No. 1, February, 1996, pp. 24-32

Bahrami, Homa, "The Emerging Flexible Organization: Perspectives from Silicon Valley", California Management Review, Vol. 34, No. 4, Summer, 1992, pp. 33-52

Bahrami, Homa and Evans, Stuart, "Emerging Organizational Regimes in High Technology Firms: The Bi-Modal Form", Human Resource Management Journal, Vol. 28, No. 1, Spring, 1989, pp. 25-50

Bahrami, Homa and Evans, Stuart, "Stratocracy in High Technology Firms", California Management Review, Vol. 30, No. 1, Fall, 1987, pp. 51-66

Bailey, Diane E., "Challenges of Integration in Semiconductor Manufacturing Firms", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 46, No. 4, November, 1999, pp. 417-428

Baker, Merl, "Contemporary Views of Management of Technology and Organizational Implications", Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Management of Technology, Miami, Florida, September 17-21, 1992, Norcross, GA: Industrial Engineering and Management Press, Vol. 1, pp. 627-637

Balderston, Jack, "Support Operations Can Enhance Research", Journal of the Society of Research Administrators, Vol. 16, No. 3, Winter, 1985, pp. 5-13

Barczak, Gloria, "New Product Strategy, Structure, Process, and Performance in the Telecommunications Industry", Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 12, No. 3, June, 1995, pp. 224-234

Barlow, E.J., "The Optimum Balance Between Program Organizations and Functional Organizations to Promote Technology Transfer", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. EM-16, No. 3, August, 1969, pp. 116-121

Bartlett, C.A. and Ghoshal, Sumantra, "Organizing for Worldwide Effectiveness: The Transnational Solution", California Management Review, Vol. 31, No. 1, Fall, 1988, pp. 54-74

Behrmann, J.N. and Fischer, W.A., "Transnational Corporations: Market Orientations and R&D Abroad", Columbia Journal of World Business, Vol. 15, No. 3, 1980, pp. 55-59

Bergen, S.A., "Analytical Instrument R&D Management", R&D Management, Vol. 2, No. 1, October, 1971, pp. 15-19

Berlin, Victor, "Organizational Structure and Effectiveness: An Administrative Experiment in an Urban Health Department", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. EM-21, No. 2, May, 1974, pp. 57-72

Birkinshaw, Julian and Fey, Carl F., "Organization of Research and Development in Large Multinational Firms", Management International Review, Vol. 43, Special Issue, 2003, pp. 27-46

Björn, Ambos and Schlegelmilch, Bodo B., "The Use of International R&D Teams: An Empirical Investigation of Selected Contingency Factors", Journal of World Business, Vol. 39, No. 1, February, 2004, pp. 37-48

Blackburn, J.D., Hoedemaker, G. and Van Wassenhove, L.N., "Concurrent Software Engineering: Prospects and Pitfalls", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 43, No. 2, May, 1996, pp. 179-188

Boddy, Martin and Lovering, John, "High Technology Industry in the Bristol Sub-Region: The Aerospace/Defence Nexus", Regional Studies, Vol. 20, No. 3, June, 1986, pp. 217-231

Boghani, Ashok, Onassis, Iason, Benabadji, Ahmed and Bijl, Cees, "Globalization of R&D", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 17, No. 6, 1999, pp. 696-710

Bossomworth, Charles E. and Sage, Jr., Burton H., "How 26 Companies Manage Their Central Research", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 38, No. 3, May-June, 1995, pp. 32-40

Boynton, A.C. and Victor, Bart, "Beyond Flexibility: Building and Managing the Dynamically Stable Organization", California Management Review, Vol. 34, No. 1, Fall, 1991, pp. 53-66

Brand, Michael and Van Maanen, John, "Individuals, Groups, and Technological Innovation", ChemTech, Vol. 13, No. 9, September, 1983, pp. 528-533

Brockhoff, Klaus, "Internationalization of Research and Development", Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, 1998

Brockhoff, Klaus K. and Medcof, John W., "Performance in Internationally Dispersed Research and Development Units", The Journal of High Technology Management Research, Vol. 18, No. 1, 2007, pp. 99-110

Brockhoff, Klaus and Schmaul, Bernd, "Organization, Autonomy, and Success of Internationally Dispersed R&D Facilities", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 43, No. 1, February, 1996, pp. 33-40

Brown, J.S., "Engineering Department Organization and Control in a Small Company", IRE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. EM-6, No. 2, June, 1959, pp. 41-45

Brown, P. and Shepard, C., "Factionalism and Organizational Change in a Research Laboratory", Social Problems, Vol. 34, April, 1956, pp. 235-243

Bryan, G.L., "The Role of Basic Research in the Total R&D Process", Research Management, Vol. 16, No. 1, January, 1973, pp. 29- 33

Buchsbaum, S.J., "Managing Creativity - For Fun and Profit", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 1, Nos. 1/2, 1986, pp. 51-64

Buderi, Robert, "Funding Central Research", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 43, No. 4, July-August, 2000, pp. 18-25

Cantwell, J., "The Internationalisation of Technological Activity and Its Implications for Competiveness", in Technology Management and International Business: Internationalization of R&D and Technology, O. Granstrand, L. Håkanson and S. Sjölander, eds., Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 1992

Cantwell, John and Janne, Odile, "The Role of Multinational Corporations and National States in the Globalization of Innovatory Capacity: The European Perspective", Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, Vol. 12, No. 2, June, 2000, pp. 243-263

Calabrese, Giuseppe, "Communication and Co-operation in Product Development: A Case Study of a European Car Producer", R&D Management, Vol. 27, No. 3, July, 1997, pp. 239-252

Calvin, Donald W., "Thinking Small in a Large Company", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 38, No. 5, September-October, 1995, pp. 18-21

Cantwell, John and Janne, Odile, "Technological Globalisation and Innovative Centres: the Role of Corporate Technological Leadership and Locational Hierarchy", Research Policy, Vol. 28, Nos. 2/3, March, 1999, pp. 119-144

Cardinal, Laura B. and Hatfield, Donald E., "Internal Knowledge Generation: the Research Laboratory and Innovative Productivity in the Pharmaceutical Industry", Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, Vol. 17, Nos. 3/4, September-December, 2000, pp. 247-271

Carrincazeaux, Christophe, Lung, Yannick and Rallet, Alain, "Proximity and Localisation of Corporate R&D Activities", Research Policy, Vol. 30, No. 5, May, 2001, pp. 777-789

Casson, M. and Singh, S., "Corporate Research and Development Strategies: The Influence of Firm, Industry and Country Factors on the Decentralization of R&D", R&D Management, Vol. 23, No. 2, April, 1993, pp. 91-107

Charue-Duboc, Forence, "A Theoretical Framework for Understanding the Organisation of the R&D Function: An Empirical Illustration from the Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry", International Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 10, No. 4, December, 2006, pp. 455-476

Chatman, Jennifer, O'Reilly, Charles and Chang, Victoria, "Cisco Systems: Developing a Human Capital Strategy", California Management Review, Vol. 47, No. 2, Winter, 2005, pp. 137-167

Cheng, J.L.C., "Interdependence and Coordination in Organizations: A Role-System Analysis", Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 26, No. 1, March, 1983, pp. 156-162

Cheng, J.L.C. and Bolon, D.S., "The Management of Multinational R&D: a Neglected Topic", Journal of International Business Research, Vol. 1, No. , 1993, pp. 1-18

Chiesa, Vittorio, "Technology Development Control Styles in Multinational Corporations: a Case Study", Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, Vol. 16, No. 2, June, 1999, pp. 191-206

Chiesa, Vittorio, "Managing the Internationalization of R&D Activities", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 43, No. 1, February, 1996, pp. 7-23

Chiesa, Vittorio, "Globalizing R&D Around Centres of Excellence", Long Range Planning, Vol. 28, No. 6, December, 1995, pp. 19-28

Chipp, R.D., "Engineering Organization for a Large Air Force Communication System", IRE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. EM-8, No. 2, June, 1961, pp. 86-92

Chowdhry, Uma, "Transforming American Industry", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 54, No. 6, November-December, 2011, pp. 18-24

Clouse, R.W. and Peppers, T.D., "Research Equipment Management System: A Computer-Based Model", Journal of the Society of Research Administrators, Vol. 5, No. 4, Spring, 1974, pp. 11-15

Collier, D.W., "An Innovation System for the Larger Company", Research Management, Vol. 13, No. 5, September, 1970, pp. 341-349

Collier, D.W., "More Effective Research for Large Corporations", Research Management, Vol. 12, No. 3, May, 1969, pp. 181-192

Conrath, D.W., "The Role of the Informal Organization in Decision Making on Research and Development", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. EM-15, No. 3, September, 1968, pp. 109- 119

Cottrell, A.H., "Scientists: Solo or Concerted?", in The Sociology of Science, B. Barber and W. Hirsch, eds., New York: Free Press, 1962, pp. 388-393

Crow, M.M. and Bozeman, B.L., "Bureaucratization in the Laboratory", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 32, No. 5, September- October, 1989, pp. 30-31

Cuthbert, F.L. and Blinder, S., "Technicians and Support Personnel - How Many?", Research Management, Vol. 16, No. 1, January, 1973, pp. 26-28

Cyert, Richard M. and Kumar, Praveen, "Technology Management and the Future", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 41, No. 4, November, 1994, pp. 333-334

Davis, Keith, "The Role of Project Management in Scientific Manufacturing", IRE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. EM-9, No. 3, September, 1962, pp. 109-113

Denis, Helene, "Matrix Structures, Quality of Work Life, and Engineering Productivity", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. EM-33, No. 3, April, 1986, pp. 148-156

Dennis, Richard M., Flavin, Phil, and Davies, Graham J., "Online R&D Management: the Way Forward", R&D Management, Vol. 28, No. 1, January, 1998, pp. 27-35

de Wit, Hans and Dearing, Andrew, "R&D in Europe - State of the Enterprise", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 46, No. 5, September-October, 2003, pp. 10-16

Dixon, J. Robb, Arnold, Peter, Heineke, Janelle, Kim, Jay S. and Mulligan, Paul, "Business Process Reengineering: Improving in New Strategic Directions", California Management Review, Vol. 36, No. 4, Summer, 1994, pp. 93-108

Doering, R.D., "An Approach Toward Improving the Creative Output of Scientific Task Teams", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. EM-20, No. 1, February, 1973, pp. 29-31

Downey, Charles, Greenberg, Daniel and Kapur, Vivek, "Reorienting R&D for a Horizontal Future", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 46, No. 5, September-October, 2003, pp. 22-28

Doz, Yves, Angelmar, Reinhard and Prahalad, C.K., "Technological Innovation and Interdependence: A Challenge for the Large, Complex Firms", Technology In Society, Vol. 7, Nos. 2/3, 1985, pp. 105-125

Drews, Jurgen, "Research in the Pharaceutical Industry", European Management Journal, Vol. 7, No. 1, March, 1989, pp. 23-30

Duarte, Deborah and Snyder, Nancy, "Facilitating Global Organizational Learning in Product Development at Whirlpool Corporation", Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 14, No. 1, January, 1997, pp. 48-55

Durand, Thomas, "Concurrent Engineering and Interfunctional Project Groups", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1995, pp. 67-78

Edelheit, Lewis S., "Renewing the Corporate R&D Laboratory", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 38, No. 6, November-December, 1995, pp. 14-18

EIRMA, "Centralized versus Decentralized R&D: Benefits and Drawbacks", Working Group Report No. 56, European Industrial Research Management Association, 34 rue de Bassano, 75008, Paris, France, 2000 [ Executive Summary, in Research-Technology Management, Vol. 44, No. 6, November-December, 2001, pp. 60-61]

Eto, Hajime, "Classification of R&D Organizational Structures in Relation to Strategies", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 38, No. 2, May, 1991, pp. 146-156

Ettlie, J.E., "A Note on the Relationship Between Managerial Change Values, Innovative Intentions and Innovative Technology Outcomes in Food Sector Firms", R&D Management, Vol. 13, No. 4, October, 1983, pp. 231-244

Ettlie, J.E. and Rubenstein, A.H., "Firm Size and Product Innovation", Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 4, No. 2, June, 1987, pp. 89-108

Evan, W.M., "Conflict and Performance in R&D Organizations: Some Preliminary Findings", in Research Program Effectiveness, M.C. Yovits, et al, eds., New York: Gordon and Breach, 1966, pp. 471- 493

Farris, G.F., "Organizational Factors and Individual Performance", Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 53, No. 2, April, 1969, pp. 87-92

Felsenstein, Daniel and Shachar, Arie, "Locational and Organizational Determinants of R&D Employment in High Technology Firms", Regional Studies, Vol. 22, No. 6, December, 1988, pp. 477-486

Fleetwood, Edvard and Molleryd, Bengt, "Parent-Subsidiary Relationships in Transnational Companies: Aspects of Technical Development and Organization", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 7, Nos. 1-3, 1992, pp. 97-110

Flinn, P.A. and Bolling, G.F., "Is There an Objective Way to Spend Corporate Moneys on Scientific Research?", Research Management, Vol. 13, No. 1, January, 1970, pp. 63-74

Florida, Richard, "The Globalization of R&D: Results of a Survey of Foreign-affiliated R&D Laboratories in the USA", Research Policy, Vol. 26, No. 1, 1997, pp. 85-103

Ford, J.D. and Slocum, J.W., "Size, Technology, Environment and the Structure of Organizations", Academy of Management Review, Vol. 2, No. 4, October, 1977, pp. 561-573

Frosch, Robert A., "The Customer for R&D Is Always Wrong!", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 39, No. 6, November-December, 1996, pp. 22-27

Fry, F.H., "Six Differences Between Long-Range and Development Labs", Research Management, Vol. 15, No. 5, September, 1972, pp. 64-71

Galbraith, Craig and De Noble, A.F., "Location Decisions by High Technology Firms: A Comparison of Firm Size, Industry Type, and Institutional Form", Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, Vol. 13, No. 2, Winter, 1988, pp. 31-47

Garnsey, Elizabeth and Wright, S.M., "Technical Innovation and Organizational Opportunity", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 5, No. 3, 1990, pp. 267-291

Gassmann, Oliver and von Zedtwitz, Maximilian, "Trends and Determinants of Managing Virtual R&D Teams", R&D Management, Vol. 33, No. 3, June, 2003, pp. 243-262

Gassmann, Oliver and von Zedtwitz, Maximilian, "New Concepts and Trends in International R&D Organization", Research Policy, Vol. 28, Nos. 2/3, March, 1999, pp. 321-250

Gassmann, Oliver and von Zedtwitz, Maximilian, "Organization of Industrial R&D on a Global Scale", R&D Management, Vol. 28, No. 3, July, 1998, pp. 147-161

Gassmann, Oliver and von Zedtwitz, Maximilian, "Towards the Integrated R&D Network - New Aspects of Organizing International R&D", in Management of Technology, Sustainable Development and Eco-Efficiency, L.A. Lefebvre, R.M. Mason and T. Kkhalil, eds, New York: , 1998, pp. 85-99

Gee, R.E., "How Often Do Research Objectives Match Corporate Goals", Research Management, Vol. 13, No. 6, November, 1970, pp. 451-459

Gee, Sherman, "Factors Affecting the Innovation Time-Period", Research Management, Vol. 21, No. 1, January, 1978, pp. 37-42

Gerwin, Don and Susman, G., "Special Issue on Concurrent Engineering", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 43, No. 2, May, 1996, pp. 118-123

Gerybadze, Alexander and Reger, Guido, "Globalization of R&D: Recent Changes in the Management of Innovation in Transnational Corporations", Research Policy, Vol. 28, Nos. 2/3, 251-274

Gilman, John J., "Inventivity: The Art and Science of Research Management", New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992

Gilman, J.J., "Inventions and Corporate Size", Physics Today, Vol. 33, No. 10, October, 1980, pp. 9, 11

Glasmeier, Amy, "Factors Governing the Development of High Tech Industry Agglomerations: A Tale of Three Cities", Regional Studies, Vol. 22, No. 4, August, 1988, pp. 287-301

Glass, Jeffrey T., Ensing, Ingrid M. and DeSanctis, Gerardine, "Managing the Ties Between Central R&D and Business Units", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 46, No. 1, January-February, 2003, pp. 24-31

Goode, H.H., "Intracompany Systems Management", IRE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. EM-7, No. 1, March, 1960, pp. 14- 19

Goodman, R.A., "Organization and Manpower Utilization in Research and Development", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. EM-15, No. 4, December, 1968, pp. 198-204

Gordon, Gerald and Morse, E.V., "Creative Potential and Organizational Structure", in The Science of Managing Organized Technology, M.J. Cetron and J.D. Goldhar, eds., New York: Gordon and Breach, 1970, pp. 517-531

Graham, M.B.W., "Corporate Research and Development: The Latest Transformation", Technology In Society, Vol. 7, Nos. 2/3, 1985, pp. 179-195

Grainge, N.J. and Pearson, A.W., "Managing an In-house R&D Service Department", R&D Management, Vol. 19, No. 1, January, 1989, pp. 27-45

Grande, Edgar, "The Erosion of State Capacity and the European Innovation Policy Dilemma", Research Policy, Vol. 30, No. 6, June, 2001, pp. 905-921

Granstrand, Ove, "Internationalization of Corporate R&D: a Study of Japanese and Swedish Corporations", Research Policy, Vol. 28, Nos. 2/3, March, 1999, pp. 275-302

Gray, John, Siemsen, Enno and Vasudeva, Gurneeta, "Colocation Still Matters: Conformance Quality and the Interdependence of R&D and Manufacturing in the Pharmaceutical Industry", Management Science, Vol. 61, No. 11, November, 2015, pp. 2760-2781

Griffin, Abbie, "Modeling and Measuring Product Development Cycle Time Across Industries", Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, Vol. 14, No. 1, March, 1997, pp 1-24

Guellec, Dominique and van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie, Bruno, "The Internationalisation of Technology Analysed with Patent Data", Research Policy, Vol. 30, No. 8, October, 2001, pp. 1253-1266

Haberstroh, C.J., Baring, J.A. and Mudgett, W.C., "Organizing for Product Innovation", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. EM-15, No. 1, March, 1968, pp. 20-27

Haddad, Carol J., "Operationalizing the Concept of Concurrent Engineering: A Case Study from the U.S. Auto Industry", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 43, No. 2, May, 1996, pp. 124-132

Haines, Charles, Halberstadt, G.T., Walls, E.L. and McCue, G.M., "Space Problems in Research Laboratories", Research Management, Vol. 6, No. 5, September, 1963, pp. 367-393

Handyside, Tim and Light, Janice, "An Experiment in Organization for Innovation", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 15, Nos. 1/2, 1998, pp. 160-172

Hatch, Melanie and Badinelli, Ralph D., "A Concurrent Organization Methodology for Concurrent Engineering", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 46, No. 1, February, 1999, pp. 72-86

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Henry, D.L., "Searching for the Right High-tech Site", Area Development, Vol. 19, No. 9, 1984, pp. 14-15, 92-99

Hitt, Michael A., Hoskisson, Robert E. and Nixon, Robert D., "A Mid-range Theory of Interfunctional Integration, its Antecedents and Outcomes", Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, Vol. 10, Nos. 1/2, June, 1993, pp. 161-185

Hobday, Michael, "The Project-Based Organisation: an Ideal Form for Managing Complex Products and Systems? ", Research Policy, Vol. 29, Nos. 7/8, August, 2000, pp. 871-893

Hoegl, Martin and Proserpio, Luigi, "Team Membership Proximity and Teamwork in Innovative Projects", Research Policy, Vol. 33, No. 8, October, 2004, pp. 1153-1165

Holmes, Jerry D. and McGraw, Gary E., "White Water Ahead: Eastman Prepares for Turbulent Times", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 37, No. 5, September-October, 1994, pp. 20-24

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Hout, Thomas M., "Time-Based Competition Is Not Enough", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 39, No. 4, July-August, 1996, pp. 15-17

Howells, Jeremy, "The Location and Organisation of Research and Development: New Horizons", Research Policy, Vol. 19, No. 2, April, 1990, pp. 133-146

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Howells, Jeremy, "The Location of Research and Development: Some Observations and Evidence from Britain", Regional Studies, Vol. 18, No. 1, February, 1984, pp. 13-29

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Hull, Frank M., Collins, Paul D. and Liker, Jeffrey K., "Composite Forms of Organization as a Strategy for Concurrent Engineering Effectiveness", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 43, No. 2, May, 1996, pp. 133-142

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Joe, Sheng-Wuu, Tsai, Yuan-Hui, Lin, Chieh-Peng and Liu, Wei-Te, "Modeling Team Performance and Its Determinants in High-tech Industries: Future Trends of Virtual Learning", Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 88, October, 2014, pp. 16-25

Johne, F.A., "How Experienced Product Innovators Organize", Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 1, No. 4, December, 1984, pp. 210-223

Johnson, William H.A. and Medcof, John W., "Motivating Proactive Subsidiary Innovation: Agent-based Theory and Socialization Models in Global R&D", Journal of International Management, Vol. 13, No. 4, December, 2007, pp. 472-487

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Kahn, Kenneth B., "Interdepartmental Integration: A Definition with Implications for Product Development Performance", Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 13, No. 2, March, 1996, pp. 137-151

Kahn, Kenneth B. and McDonough III, Edward F., "An Empirical Study of the Relationships Among Co-location, Integration, Performance, and Satisfaction", Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 14, No. 3, May, 1997, pp. 161-178

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Katz, J. Sylvan, "Scale-independent Indicators and Research Evaluation", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 27, No. 1, February, 2000, pp. 23-36

Katz, Ralph, "How a Band of Technical Renegades Designed the Alpha Chip", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 36, No. 6, November-December, 1993, pp. 13-20

Kazanjian, Robert K., Drazin, Robert and Glynn, Mary A., "Creativity and Technological Learning: the Roles of Organization Architecture and Crisis in Large-scale Projects", Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, Vol. 17, Nos. 3/4, September-December, 2000, pp. 273-298

Kelsey, G. Stephen, "Flatten the Pyramid and Speed Product Development", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 12-13

Khurana, Anil, "Strategies for Global R&D", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 49, No. 2, March-Apri, 2006, pp. 48-57

Kiely, Tom, "Innovation Congregations", Technology Review, April, 1994, pp. 56-60

King, G.W., "Problems of Outlying Research Laboratories", Research Management, Vol. 6, No. 5, September, 1963, pp. 347-353

King, Nelson and Majchrzak Ann, "Concurrent Engineering Tools: Are the Human Issues Being Ignored?", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 43, No. 2, May, 1996, pp. 189-201

Knight, K.E., "Some General Organizational Factors that Influence Innovative Behavior", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. EM-12, No. 1, March, 1965, pp. 2-8

Kovac, Frederick J., "Creating the Virtual Enterprise", ChemTech, Vol. 24, No. 11, November, 1994, pp. 7-11

Kuemmerle, Walter, "Foreign Direct Investment in Industrial Research in the Pharmaceutical and Electronics Industries - Results from a Survey of Multinational Firms", Research Policy, Vol. 28, Nos. 2/3, March, 1999, pp. 179-193

Kuemmerle, Walter, "Optimal Scale for Research and Development in Foreign Environments - an Investigation into Size and Performance of Research and Development Laboratories Abroad", Research Policy, Vol. 27, No. 2, June, 1998, pp. 111-126

Kuemmerle, W., "Building Effective R&D Capabilities Abroad", Harvard Business Review, Vol. , No. 2, March-April, 1997, pp.

Kurshan, J., "The Management of Research Services", IRE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. EM-7, No. 4, December, 1960, pp. 141-145

Langowitz, N.S. and Graves, S.B., "Innovative Productivity in Pharmaceutical Firms", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 35, No. 2, March-April, 1992, pp. 39-41

Larson, R.W. and Steele, L.W., "A Study of Scientific Research in the Operating Components of a Large Decentralized Manufacturing Company", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. EM- 11, No. 3, September, 1964, pp. 94-99

Leifer, Richard and Triscari Jr., Thomas, "Research versus Development: Differences and Similarities", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 34, No. 2, May, 1987, pp. 71-78

Leonard, Ronald K., Wismer, Robert D. and Bosserman, Steve, "Building an Integrated Engineering Organization", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 37, No. 6, November-December, 1994, pp. 14-20

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