Section Twenty Seven

Economic Studies of R&D/Technological Innovation

 

TOPICS COVERED IN THIS SECTION INCLUDE:

Modified: January 22, 2017


Abraham, Thomas, Ahlawat, Sucheta and Ahlawat, Sunita, "The Indian Option: Perceptions of Indian Software Solutions", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 15, Nos. 6/7, 1998, pp. 605-621

Acharya, Rohini and Ziesemer, Thomas, "A Closed Economy Model of Horizontal and Vertical Product Differentiation: The Case of Innovation in Biotechnology", Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Vol. 4, No. 3, 1996, pp. 245-264

Achilladelis, B., "The Dynamics of Technological Innovation: The Sector of Antibacterial Medicines", Research Policy, Vol. 22, No. 4, August, 1993, pp. 279-308

Acs, Z.J. and Audretsch, D.B., "Innovation in Large and Small Firms: An Empirical Analysis", The American Economic Review, Vol. 78, No. 4, September, 1988, pp. 678-690

Acs, Z.J. and Audretsch, D.B., "Innovation, Market Structure, and Firm Size", The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 69, No. 4, November, 1987, pp. 567-574

Acs, Zoltan J., Audretsch, David B. and Feldman, Maryann, "R&D Spillovers and Recipient Firm Size", The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 76, No. 2, May, 1994, pp. 336-340

Acs, Z.J., Audretsch, D.B. and Feldman, M.P., "Real Effects of Academic Research: Comment", The American Economic Review, Vol. 82, No. 1, March, 1992, pp. 363-367

Acs, Zoltan J., FitzRoy, Felix R. and Smith, Ian, "High Technology Employment, Wages and University R&D Spillovers: Evidence from US Cities", Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Vol. 8, Nos. 1-2 , 1999, pp. 57-78

Adams, J.D., "Science, R&D, and Invention Potential Recharge: U.S. Evidence", The American Economic Review, Vol. 83, No. 2, May, 1993, pp. 458-462

Adams, J.D., "Fundamental Stocks of Knowledge and Productivity Growth", Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 98, No. 4, August, 1990, pp. 673-702

Adams, James D. and Jaffe, Adam B., "Bounding the Effects of R&D: An Investigation Using Matched Establishment-firm Data", RAND Journal of Economics, Vol. 27, No. 4, Winter, 1996, pp. 700-721

Adams, Richard C. and Kash, Don E., "Industry Culture, Public Policy, and Competitiveness: the US and German Chemical Industries", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 21, No. 5, October, 1994, pp. 309-320

Adner, Ron, "When Are Technologies Disruptive? A Demand-based View of the Emergence of Competition", Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 23, No. 8, August, 2002, pp. 667-688

Aerts, Kris and Schmidt, Tobias, "Two for the Price of One?: Additionality Effects of R&D Subsidies: A Comparison Between Flanders and Germany", Research Policy, Vol. 37, No. 5, June, 2008, pp. 806-822

Afuah, Allan, "Does a Focal Firm's Technology Entry Timing Depend on the Impact of the Technology on Co-opetitors?", Research Policy, Vol. 33, No. 8, October, 2004, pp. 1231-1246

Afuah, Allan, "Dynamic Boundaries of the Firm: Are Firms Better Off Being Vertically Integrated in the Face of a Technological Change?", Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 44, No. 6, December, 2001, pp. 11211-1228

Aggarwal, Aradhna, "Deregulation, Technology Imports and In-house R&D Efforts: an Analysis of the Indian Experience", Research Policy, Vol. 29, No. 9, December, 2000, pp. 1081-1093

Aivazian, V.A., Callen, J.L., Chan, M.W.L. and Mountain, D.C., "Economies of Scale versus Technological Change in the Natural Gas Transmission Industry", The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 69, No. 3, August, 1987, pp. 556-561

Alic, John A., "Organizational Competence: Know-how and Skills in Economic Development", Technology In Society, Vol. 17, No. 4, 1995, pp. 429-436

Alic, J.A., "Evaluating Industrial Competitiveness at the Office of Technology Assessment", Technology In Society, Vol. 9, No. 1, 1987, pp. 1-17

Allanson, Paul, "A Structural Account of the Diffusion of Oilseed Rape in England and Wales", Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Vol. 3, No. 1, 1994, pp. 31-47

Alvarez-Pelaez, Maria J. and Groth, Christian, "Too Little or Too Much R&D?", European Economic Review, Vol. 49, No. 2, February, 2005, pp. 437-456

Amable, Bruno and Palombarini, Stefano, "Technical Change and Incorporated R&D in the Service Sector", Research Policy, Vol. 27, No. 7, 1998, pp. 655-675

Amendola, Giovanni and Gaffard, J.-L. and Musso, P., "Competition, Innovation and Increasing Returns", Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Vol. 9, No. 2, 2000, pp. 149-181

Amendola, Giovanni and Perucci, Antonio, "European Patterns of Specialisation in High-Technology Products: A New Approach", STI Review, No. 14, 1994, pp. 153-178

Amendola, Mario, Gaffard, Jean Luc and Saraceno, Francesco, "Technical Progress, Accumulation and Financial Contraints: Is the Productivity Paradox Really a Paradox?", Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Vol. 16, No. 2, June, 2005, pp. 243-261

Amir, Rabah, "Modeling Imperfectly Appropriable R&D via Spillovers", International Journal of Industrial Organization, Vol. 18, No. 7, 2000, pp. 1013-1032

Amir, Rabah and Wooders, John, "Effects of One-Way Spillovers on Market Shares, Industry Price, Welfare, and R&D Cooperation", Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, Vol. 8, No. 2, Summer, 1999, pp. 223-249

Andergassen, Rainer and Nardini, France, "Endogenous Innovation Waves and Economic Growth", Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Vol. 16, No. 4, December, 2005, pp. 522-539

Andrikopoulos, A.A. and Brox, J.A., "Measuring the Impact of Research and Development on Technological Change: An Application of Basmann-Hayes-Slottje's Approach", Economics Letters, Vol. 36, No. 1, 1991, pp. 81-85

Angelmar, Reinhard, "Product Innovation: A Tool for Competitive Advantage", European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 47, No. 2, July 25, 1990, pp. 182-189

Anselin, L, Varga, A. and Acs, Z., "Local Geographic Spillovers between University Research and High Technology Innovations", Journal of Urban Economics, Vol. 42, 1997, pp. 422-448

Antonelli, Christiano, "Localized Technological Change and Factor Markets: Constrataints and Inducements to Innovation", Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Vol. 17, No. 2, June, 2006, pp. 224-247

Antonelli, Christiano, "The Economics of Innovation, New Technologies and Structural Change", London: Routledge, 2003

Antonelli, Christano, "The Dynamics of Localized Technological Changes. The Interaction Between Factor Costs Inducement, Demand Pull and Schumpeterian Rivalry", Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Vol. 6, Nos. 2-3, 1998, pp. 97-120

Antonelli, Christano, "A Failure-Inducement Model of Research and Development Expenditure", Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol. 12, No. 2, October, 1989, pp. 159-180

Antonelli, Cristiano and Foray, Dominique, "The Economics of Technological Clubs", Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Vol. 2, No. 1, 1992, pp. 37-47

Antonelli, Cristiano and Gottardi, Giorgio, "Localised Technological Change: The Interaction Between the Generation and the Diffusion of New Technologies", Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Vol. 1, No. 4, 1991, pp. 309-325

Aoki, Reiko, "Market Structure and the Emergence of New Technologies", The American Economic Review, Vol. 81, No. 2, May, 1991, pp. 252-256

Aoki, Reiko and Small, J., "Compulsory Licensing of Technology and the Essential Facilities Doctrine", Information Economics and Policy, Vol. 16, No. 1, March, 2004, pp. 13-30

Archibugi, Daniele, "In Search of a Useful Measure of Technological Innovation (to Make Economists Happy without Discontenting Technologists)", Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 34, No. 3, November, 1988, pp. 253-277

Archibugi, Daniele and Michie, Johathan, eds., "Trade Growth and Technical Change", Cambridge University Press, 1998

Archibugi, Daniele, Evangelista, Rinaldo and Simonetti, Roberto, "Concentration, Firm Size and Innovation: Evidence from Innovation Costs", Technovation, Vol. 15, No. 3, April, 1995, pp. 153-163

Arend, Richard J. and Amit, Raphael, "Selection in Strategic Alliance Activity: Effects on Firm Performance in the Computing Industry", European Management Journal, Vol. 23, No. 4, August, 2005, pp. 361-381

Armstrong, Thomas O., Goetz, Michael L. and Leppel, Karen, "Technological Change Bias in the U.S. Investor-Owned Electric Utility Industry Following Potential Deregulation", Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Vol. 9, No. 6, 2000, pp. 559-572

Arnold, Erik and Thuriaux, Ben, "Contribution of Basic Research to the Irish National Innovation System", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 28, No. 2, April, 2001, pp. 86-98

Arnold, Lutz G., "The Dynamics of the Jones R&D Growth Model", Review of Economic Dynamics, Vol. 19, No.1, January, 2006, pp. 143-152

Arogyaswamy, K. and Yasai-Ardekani, M., "Organizational Turnaround: Understanding the Role of Cutbacks, Efficiency Improvements, and Investment in Technology", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 44, No. 1, February, 1997, pp. 3-11

Arora, Ashish, Arunachalam, V.S., Asundi, Jai and Fernandes, Ronald, "The Indian Software Services Industry", Research Policy, Vol. 30, No. 8, October, 2001, pp. 1267-1287

Arthur, W.B., "Competing Technologies, Increasing Returns, and Lock-in by Historical Events", The Economic Journal, Vol. 99, March, 1989, pp. 116-131

Arundel, Anthony and Kabla, Isabelle, "What Percentage of Innovations are Patented? Empirical Estimates for European Firms", Research Policy, Vol. 27, No. 2, 1998, pp. 127-141

Arvanitis, Spyros and Hollenstein, Heinz, "Demand and Supply Factors in Explaining the Innovative Activity of Swiss Manufacturing Firms", Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Vol. 3, No. 1, 1994, pp. 15-30

Athreye, Suma and Keeble, David, "Technological Convergence, Globalisation and Ownership in the UK Computer Industry", Technovation, Vol. 20, No. 5, May, 2000, pp. 227-245

Audretsch, David B., "The Technological Regime and Market Evolution: The New Learning", Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Vol. 2, No. 1, 1992, pp. 27-36

Audretsch, D.B. and Yamawaki, Hideki, "R&D Rivalry, Industrial Policy, and U.S.-Japanese Trade", The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 70, No. 3, August, 1988, pp. 438-447

Autant-Bernard, Corinne, "Science and Knowledge Flows: Evidence from the French Case", Research Policy, Vol. 30, No. 7, August, 2001, pp. 1069-1078

Autio, Erkko and Hameri, Ari-Pekka, "The Structure and Dynamics of Technological Systems: A Conceptual Model", Technology In Society, Vol. 17, No. 4, 1995, pp. 365-384

Autio, Erkko and Lumme, Annareetta, "Does the Innovator Role Affect the Perceived Potential for Growth? Analysis of Four Types of New, Technology-based Firms", Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, Vol. 10, No. 1, March, 1998, pp. 41-54

Aw, Bee Yan and Batra, Geeta, "Technology, Exports and Firm Efficiency in Taiwanese Manufacturing", Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Vol. 7, No. 2, 1998, pp. 93-113

Ayres, R.U., "Technological Transformations and Long Waves Part I", Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 37, No. 1, March, 1990, pp. 1-37; Part II, Vol. 37, No. 2, April, 1990, pp. 111-137

Ayres, R.U., "Technology: The Wealth of Nations", Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 33, No. 3, May, 1988, pp. 189-201

Ayres, R.U., "Barriers and Breakthroughs: An `Expanding Frontiers' Model of the Technology-Industry Life Cycle", Technovation, Vol. 7, No. 2, May, 1988, pp. 87-115

Ayres, R.U. and Zuscovitch, Ehud, "Technology and Information: Chain Reactions and Sustainable Economic Growth", Technovation, Vol. 10, No. 3, May, 1990, pp. 163-183

Azumi, Koya and Hull, Frank, "Inventive Payoff from R&D in Japanese Industry: Convergence with the West?", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 37, No. 1, February, 1990, pp. 3-9

Baba, Yasunori, Kikuchi, Jun-ichi and Mori, Shunsuke, "Japan's R&D Strategy Reconsidered: Departure from the Manageable Risks", Technovation, Vol. 15, No. 2, March, 1995, pp. 65-78

Bach, L. and Lambert, G., "Evaluation of the Economic Effects of Large R&D Programmes: The Case of the European Space Programme", Research Evaluation, Vol. , No. , April, 1992, pp.

Bachman, P.W., "The Value of R&D in Relation to Company Profits", Research Management, Vol. 15, No. 3, May, 1972, pp. 58-63

Bachmann, Astrid, "Profiles of Corporate Technological Capabilities - a Comparison of Large British and German Pharmaceutical Companies", Technovation, Vol. 18, No. 10, October, 1998, pp. 593-604

Badulescu, Petre, "International Technological Knowledge Differences and Economic Growth Comparisons: USA versus West Germany and Sweden versus Norway, 1963-1988", Applied Economics, Vol. 23, No. 1B, January, 1991, pp. 263-282

Bag, Parimal K. and Dasgupta, Sudipto, "Strategic R&D Success Announcements", Economics Letters, Vol. 47, No. 1, January, 1995, pp. 17-26

Bagchi-Sen, Sharmistha, "Product Innovation and Competitive Advantage in an Area of Industrialised Decline: the Niagara Region of Canada", Technovation, Vol. 21, No. 1, January, 2001, pp. 45-54

Bagwell, Kyle and Staiger, R.W., "The Sensitivity of Strategic and Corrective R&D Policy in Battles for Monopoly", International Economic Review, Vol. 33, No. 4, November, 1992, pp. 795-816

Bailey, Martin and Chakrabarti, Alok, "Innovation and the Productivity Crisis", Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1988

Baker, Erin and Adu-Bonnah, Kwame, "Investment in Risky R&D Programs in the Face of Climate Uncertainty", Energy Economics, Vol. 30, No. 2, March, 2008, pp. 465-486

Bakhshi, Hasan and Larsen, Jens, "ICT-specific Technological Progress in the United Kingdom", Journal of Macroeconomics, Vol. 27, No. 4, December, 2005, pp. 648-669

Balabkins, N.W., "Repressed Inflation and Pseudo-innovations", Technovation, Vol. 3, No. 3, August, 1985, pp. 187-197

Baldwin, W. and Scott, J., "Market Structure and Technological Change", London: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1987

Baltagi, B.H. and Griffin, J.M., "A General Index of Technical Change", Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 96, No. 1, February, 1988, pp. 20-41

Baptista, Rui and Swann, Peter, "Do Firms in Clusters Innovate More?", Research Policy, Vol. 27, No. 5, 1998, pp. 527-542

Baranes, E. and Tropeano, J.-P., "Why Are Technological Spillovers Spatially Bounded? A Market Oriented Approach", Regional Science and Urban Economics, Vol. 33, No. 4, July, 2003, pp. 445-466

Barbiroli, Giancarlo, "New Indicators for Measuring the Manifold Aspects of Technical and Economic Efficiency of Production Processes and Technologies", Technovation, Vol. 16, No. 7, July, 1996, pp. 341-356

Barbiroli, Giancarlo, "Towards a Definition and a Dynamic Measure of Strategic Technology", Technovation, Vol. 12, No. 5, July, 1992, pp. 285-296

Barbiroli, Giancarlo, "A New Method to Evaluate the Specific and Global Advantage of a Technology", Technovation, Vol. 10, No. 2, March, 1990, pp. 73-93

Barley, Stephen R., "What Can We Learn from the History of Technology?", Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, Vol. 15, No. 4, September/December, 1998, pp. 237-255

Barré, Rémi, "Sense and Nonsense of S&T Productivity Indicators", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 28, No. 4, August, 2001, pp. 259-266

Barreto, Leonardo and Kypreos, Socrates, "Endogenizing R&D and Market Experience in the 'Bottom-up' Energy-systems ERIS Model", Technovation, Vol. 24, No. 8, August, 2004, pp. 615-629

Barros, Pedro P., "Multi-project R&D Competition with Free-Entry", Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Vol. 2, No. 4, 1993, pp. 309-317

Basant, Rakesh and Fikkert, Brian, "The Effects of R&D, Foreign Technology Purchase, and Domestic and International Spillovers on Productivity in Indian Firms", The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 78, No. 2, May, 1996, pp. 187-199

Basile, Roberto, "Export Behaviour of Italian Manufacturing Firms over the Nineties: the Role of Innovation", Research Policy, Vol. 30, No. 8, October, 2001, pp. 1185-1201

Baskaran, A., "Competence Building in Complex Systems in the Developing Countries: the Case of Satellite Building in India", Technovation, Vol. 21, No. 2, February, 2001, pp. 109-121

Basman, Robert L., McAleer, Michael and Slottje, Daniel, "Patent Activity and Technical Change", Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 139, No. 2, August, 2007, pp. 355-375

Basu, Kaushik, "Technological Stagnation, Tenurial Laws, and Adverse Selection", The American Economic Review, Vol. 79, No. 1, March, 1989, pp. 251-255

Batabyai, Amitrajeet A. and Nijkamp, Peter, "Is There a Tradeoff Between Average Patent Pendency and Examination Errors", International Review of Economics & Finance, Vol. 17, No. 1, 2008, pp. 150-158

Battisti, Giuliana and Stoneman, Paul, "Inter- and Intra-Firm Effects in the Diffusion of New Process Technology", Research Policy, Vol. 32, No. 9, October, 2003, pp. 1641-1655

Baussola, Maurizio, "The Causality Between R&D and Investment", Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Vol. 9, No. 4, 2000, pp. 385-399

Baye, Michael R. and Hoppe, Heidrun, C., "The Strategic Equivalence of Rent-seeking Innovation, and Patent-race Games", Games and Economic Behavior, Vol. 44, No. 2, August, 2003, pp. 217-226

Bayoumi, Tamim, Coe, David T. and Helpman, Elhanan, "R&D Spillovers and Global Growth", Journal of International Economics, Vol. 47, No. 2, April, 1999, pp. 399-428

Beath, John, Katsoulacos, Yannis and Ulph, David, "Sequential Product Innovation and Industry Evolution", The Economic Journal, Vol. 97, Supplement, 1987, pp. 32-43

Beaudreau, Bernard C., "R&D: To Compete or to Cooperate?", Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Vol. 4, No. 3, 1996, pp. 173-186

Becchetti, Leonardo and Paganetto, Luigi, "The Determinants of Suboptimal Technological Development in the System Company - Component Producers Relationship", International Journal of Industrial Organization, Vol. 19, No. 9, November, 2001, pp. 1407-1421

Beenstock, Michael and Whitbread, Chris, "Fixed Investment and the Technological Gap in the United Kingdom", Applied Economics, Vol. 22, No. 7, July, 1990, pp. 905-916

Beggs, Steven D., "Determining an Efficient Structure for the US R&D Enterprise: the Onion Model", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 24, No. 2, April, 1997, pp. 101-112

Beise, Marian and Stahl, Harald, "Public Research and Industrial Innovations in Germany", Research Policy, Vol. 28, No. 4, April, 1999, pp. 397-422

Belderbos, René, Carree, Martin, Diederen, Bert, Lokshin, Boris and Veugelers, Reinhilde, "Heterogeneity in R&D Cooperation Strategies", International Journal of Industrial Organization, Vol. 22, Nos. 8-9, November, 2004, pp. 1237-1263

Bell, John and Vickery, Graham, "International Perspectives on Technology and Free Trade", Technology In Society, Vol. 11, No. 2, 1989, pp. 145-160

Bellmann, Lutz and Boeri, Tito, "Internal and External Adjustment to New Technologies", Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Vol. 5, Nos. 2-4, 1998, pp. 325-343

Benzoni, Laurent and Fenoglio, Philippe, "Towards a Concept of Strategic Input: Evaluation and Choice of a Technology in a Vertically Differentiated Market", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 10, Nos. 4-6, 1995, pp. 441-460

Bergeron, Sophie, Lallich, Stéphane and Le Bas, Christian, "Location of Innovating Activities, Industrial Structure and Techno-industrial Clusters in the French Economy, 1985-1990", Research Policy, Vol. 26, Nos. 7/8, 1998, pp. 733-752

Berman, E.M., "The Economic Impact of Industry-funded University R&D", Research Policy, Vol. 19, No. 4, August, 1990, pp. 349-355

Berndt, E.R. and Morrison, C.J., "High-Tech Capital Formation and Economic Performance in U.S. Manufacturing Industries: An Exploratory Analysis", Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 65, 1995, pp. 9-43

Bernstein, J.I., "The Structure of Canadian Inter-industry R&D Spillovers, and the Rates of Return to R&D", The Journal of Industrial Economics, Vol. 37, No. 3, March, 1989, pp. 315-328

Bertstein, Jeffrey I. and Mamuneas, Theofanis P., "R&D Depreciation, Stocks, User Costs and Productivity Growth for US R&D Intensive Industries", Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Vol. 17, No. 1, January, 2006, pp. 70-98

Bernstein, J.I. and Nadiri, M.I., "Research and Development and Intra-industry Spillovers: An Empirical Application of Dynamic Duality", Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 56(2), No. 186, April, 1989, pp. 249-269

Bernstein, Jeffrey and Nadiri, M.I., "Interindustry R and D Spillovers, Rates of Return, and Production in High-Tech Industries", The American Economic Review, Vol. 78, No. 2, May, 1988, pp. 429-434

Berry, Brian J.L. and Kim, Heja, "Leadership Generations: A Long-Wave Macrohistory", Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 46, No. 1, May, 1994, pp. 1-9

Berry, Brian J.L., Kim, Heja and Kim, Hak-Min, "Innovation Diffusion and Long Waves", Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 46, No. 3, July, 1994, pp. 289-293

Berry, Brian J.L., Kim, Heja and Kim, Hak-Min, "Are Long Waves Driven by Techno-economic Transformations? Evidence for the U.S. and the U.K.", Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 44, No. 2, September, 1993, pp. 111-135

Bessen, James, "The Value of U.S. Patents by Owner and Patent Characteristics", Research Policy, Vol. 37, No. 5, June, 2008, pp. 932-945

Bessette, Russell W., "Measuring the Economic Impact of Unversity-Based Research", Journal of Technology Transfer, Vol. 28, Nos. 3/4, August, 2003, pp. 355-361

Bettencourt, Luis M.A., Lobo, José and Strumsky, Deborah, "Invention in the City: Increasing Returns to Patenting as a Scaling Function of Metropolitan Size", Research Policy, Vol. 36, No. 1, February, 2007, pp. 107-120

Bhargava, S.C., "A Generalized Form of the Fisher-Pry Model of Technological Substitution", Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 49, No. 1, May, 1995, pp. 27-33

Bhargava, S.C., "Generalized Lotka-Volterra Equations and the Mechanism of Technological Substitution", Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 35, No. 4, July, 1989, pp. 319-326

Bhattacharya, Sudipto and Mookherjee, Dilip, "Portfolio Choice in Research and Development", The Rand Journal of Economics, Vol. 17, No. 4, Winter, 1986, pp. 594-605

Biekpe, Nicholas, Klumpes, Paul and Tippett, "Analytic Solutions for the Value of the Option to (Dis)invest", R&D Management, Vol. 31, No. 2, April, 2001, pp. 149-161

Bienayme, Alain, "Technology, and the Nature of the Firm", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 3, No. 5, 1988, pp. 563-578

Bierly, Paul and Chakrabarti, Alok, "Determinants of Technology Cycle Time in the U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry", R&D Management, Vol. 26, No. 2, April, 1996, pp. 115-126

Billings, B. Anthony and Yaprak, Attila, "Inventive Efficiency: How the U.S. Compares with Japan", R&D Management, Vol. 25, No. 4, October, 1995, pp. 365-376

Bitzer, Jürgen and Geishecker, Inge, "What Drives Trade-related R&D Spillovers? Decomposing Knowledge-diffusing Trade Flows", Economics Letters, Vol. 93, No. 1, October, 2006, pp. 52-57

Björkdahl, Joakim, "Technology Cross-ferilization and the Business Model: The Case of Integrating ICTs in Mechanical Engineering Products", Research Policy, Vol. 38, No. 9, November, 2009, pp. 1468-1477

Blind, Knut and Grupp, Hariolf, "Interdependencies Between the Science and Technology Infrastructure and Innovation Activities in German Regions: Empirical Findings and Policy Consequences", Research Policy, Vol. 28, No. 5, June, 1999, pp. 451-468

Blomstrom, Magnus and Kokko, Ari, "Foreign Direct Investment and Spillovers of Technology", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 22, Nos. 5/6, 2001, pp. 435-454

Blomstrom, Magnus and Sjoholm, Fredrik, "Technology Transfer and Spillovers: Does Local Participation with Multinationals Matter?", European Economic Review, Vol. 43, Nos. 4-6, April, 1999, pp. 915-923

Blondel, Daniele, "Efficiency Criteria for Intermediaries Involved in the Innovation Process", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 10, Nos. 4-6, 1995, pp. 478-488

Boer, F. Peter, "Research is an Investment, Not an Expense", Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol. 280, No. 1, February 25, 2005, pp. 3-15

Boer, F. Peter, "Linking R&D to Growth and Shareholder Value", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 37, No. 3, May-June, 1994, pp. 16-22

Bonanno, Giacomo and Haworth, Barry, "Intensity of Competition and the Choice Between Product and Process Innovation", International Journal of Industrial Organization, Vol. 16, No. 4, July, 1998, pp. 495-510

Boschma, Ron A., "The Rise of Clusters of Innovative Industries in Belgium During the Industrial Epoch", Research Policy, Vol. 28, No. 8, 1999, pp. 853-871

Bosworth, Derek and Jobome, Gregory, "The Measurement and Management of Risk in R&D and Innovation", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 18, Nos. 5-8, 1999, pp. 476-499

Bottazzi, Giulio, Dosi, Giovanni, Lippi, Marco, Pammolli, Fabio and Riccaboni, Massimo, "Innovation and Corporate Growth in the Evolution of the Drug Industry", International Journal of Industrial Organization, Vol. 19, No. 7, July, 2001, pp. 1161-1187

Bottazzi, Laura and Peri, Giovanni, "The International Dynamics of R&D and Innovation in the Short and in the Long Run", Working Paper #11524, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, August, 2005

Bottazzi, Laura and Peri, Giovanni, "Innovation and Spillovers in Regions: Evidence from Eurpean Patent Data", European Economic Review, Vol. 47, No. 4, August, 2003, pp. 687-710

Bouet, Antoine, "Research and Development, Voluntary Export Restriction and Tariffs", European Economic Review, Vol. 45, No. 2, 2001, pp. 323-336

Bourke, Paul and Butler, Linda, "The Efficacy of Different Modes of Funding Research: Perspectives from Australian Data on the Biological Sciences", Research Policy, Vol. 28, No. 5, June, 1999, pp. 489-499

Bowonder, B., "Industrialization and Economic Growth of India: Interactions of Indigenous and Foreign Technology", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 15, Nos 6/7, 1998, pp. 622-645

Bozeman, Barry and Melkers, Julia, eds., "Evaluating R&D Impacts: Methods and Practice", Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993

Brach, Marion A. and Paxson, Dean A., "A Gene to Drug Venture: Poisson Options Analysis", R&D Management, Vol. 31, No. 2, April, 2001, pp. 203-214

Braga, Carlos A.P. and Fink, Carsten, "International Transactions in Intellectual Property and Developing Countries". International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 19, Nos. 1/2, 2000, pp. 35-56

Branch, Ben, "Research and Development Activity and Profitability: A Distributed Lag Analysis", Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 82, No. 5, September/October, 1974, pp. 999-1011

Branch, Ben, "Research and Development and Its Relation to Sales Growth", Journal of Economics and Business, Vol. 25, No. 2, 1973, pp. 107-111

Brecher, R.A., "Optimal Policy in the Presence of Licensed Technology from Abroad", Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 90, No. 5, October, 1982, pp. 1070-1078

Brendle, Patrice, Cohendet, Patrick and de Tournemine, R.L., "The Economic Impact of European Space Projects", Futures, Vol. 18, No. 2, April, 1986, pp. 178-191

Brenner, M.S. and Rushton, B.M., "Sales Growth and R&D in the Chemical Industry", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 32, No. 2, March-April, 1989, pp. 8-15

Bresnahan, T.F., "Measuring the Spillovers from Technical Advance: Mainframe Computers in Financial Services", The American Economic Review, Vol. 76, No. 4, September, 1986, pp. 742-755

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