Section Twenty Six

Management of Science and Technology in Japan

TOPICS COVERED IN THIS SECTION INCLUDE:

Modified: June 15, 2017

Abetti, Pier A., "The Birth and Growth of the Japanese Language Word Processor: Internal Venturing in Toshiba Corporation", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 18, Nos. , 1999, pp. 114-132

Aldrich, Howard E. and Sasaki, Toshihiro, "R&D Consortia in the United States and Japan", Research Policy, Vol. 24, No. 2, March, 1995, pp. 301-316

Alic, J.A., "Japanese R&D and U.S. Technology Policy", Research- Technology Management, Vol. 31, No. 5, September-October, 1988, pp. 6-7

Allen, T.J., Utterback, J.M., Sirbu, M.A., Ashford, N.A. and Hollomon, J.H., "Government Influence on the Process of Innovation in Europe and Japan", Research Policy, Vol. 7, No. 2, April, 1978, pp. 124-149

Anchordoguy, Marie, "Japan's Software Industry: a Failure of Institutions?", Research Policy, Vol. 29, No. 3, March, 2000, pp. 391-408

Anderson, A.M., "Science and Technology in Japan", London: Longman, 1984

Aoi, Joichi, "Technological Prospects Toward the 21st Century: The Case of Toshiba Corporation", Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 49, No. 2, June, 1995, pp. 215-227

Aoki, M., "The Macroeconomic Background for High-Tech Industrialization in Japan", in The Positive Sum Strategy: Harnessing Technology for Economic Growth, R. Landau and N. Rosenberg, eds., Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1986, pp. 569-581

Arai, Tamio, "Forecast of Assembly Automation in the Automobile Industry: Technological Progress in Robotics", Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 35, Nos. 2/3, April, 1989, pp. 133-148

Arimura, Sadanori, "How Matsushita Electric and Sony Manage Global R&D", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 42, No. 2, March-April, 1999, pp. 41-52

Arrison, T.S., Bergsten, C.F., Graham, E.M. and Harris, M.C. eds., "Japan's Growing Technological Capability: Implications for the U.S. Economy", Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1992

Asakawa, Kazuhiro, "Organizational Tension in International R&D Management: the Case of Japanese Firms", Research Policy, Vol. 30, No. 5, May, 2001, pp. 735-757

Asakawa, Kazuhiro, "Evolving Headquarters-subsidiary Dynamics in International R&D: the Case of Japanese Multinationals", R&D Management, Vol. 31, No. 1, January, 2001, pp. 1-14

Asia Pacific Ventures, Inc., "Apple Japan", The Journal of Technology Transfer, Vol. 19, Nos. 3/4, December, 1994, pp. 54-58

Audretsch, D.B. and Yamawaki, Hideki, "R&D Rivalry, Industrial Policy, and U.S.-Japanese Trade", The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 70, No. 3, August, 1988, pp. 438-447

Auster, E.R., "The Relationship of Industry Evolution to Patterns of Technological Linkages, Joint Ventures, and Direct Investment Between U.S. and Japan", Management Science, Vol. 36, No. 6, June, 1992, pp. 778-792

Azumi, Koya and Hull, Frank, "Inventive Payoff from R&D in Japanese Industry: Convergence with the West?", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 37, No. 1, February, 1990, pp. 3-9

Azumi, K., Hull, F. and Hage, J., "Managing High Technology in an International Perspective: A Comparison Between Japan and the U.S.", in The Challenge of Japan's Internationalization, H. Mannari and H. Befu, eds., Tokyo: Kodansha Int., 1983, pp. 111- 147

Baba, Yasunori and Hatashima, Hiroyuki, "Capability Transfer in the Pacific Rim Nations: The Case of Japanese Electrical and Electronics Firms", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 10, Nos. 7/8, 1995, pp. 732-746

Baba, Yasunori, Kikuchi, Jun-ichi and Mori, Shunsuke, "Japan's R&D Strategy Reconsidered: Departure from the Manageable Risks", Technovation, Vol. 15, No. 2, March, 1995, pp. 65-78

Baba, Yasunori, Takai, Shinji and Mizuta, Yuji, "The Japanese Software Industry: The 'Hub Structure' Approach", Research Policy, Vol. 24, No. 3, May, 1995, pp. 473-486

Baranson, Jack, "The Japanese Challenge to U.S. Industry", Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1981

Barker, Brendan, "Japanese Science and Technology Policy Resources on the World Wide Web", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 22, No. 5, October, 1995, pp. 333-343

Bartlett, C.A. and Ghoshal, Sumantra, "Organizing for Worldwide Effectiveness: The Transnational Solution", California Management Review, Vol. 31, No. 1, Fall, 1988, pp. 54-74

Baughn, C. Christopher, Bixby, Michael and Woods, L. Shelton, "Patent Laws and the Public Good: IPR Protection in Japan and the United States", Business Horizons, Vol. 40, No. 4, July-August, 1997, pp. 59-65

Belderbos, René, "Overseas Innovations by Japanese Firms: an Analysis of Patent and Subsidiary Data", Research Policy, Vol. 30, No. 2, February, 2001, pp. 313-332

Bertodo, R.G., "The Strategic Alliance: Automotive Paradigm for the 1990s", International Journal of Technology Transfer, Vol. 5, No. 4, 1990, pp. 375-388

Bess, James L., "Creative R&D Leadership: Insights from Japan", Westport, CT: Quorum Books, 1995

Bienayme, Alain, "The Dynamics of Innovation", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 1, Nos. 1/2, 1986, pp. 133-159

Billings, B. Anthony and Yaprak, Attila, "Inventive Efficiency: How the U.S. Compares with Japan", R&D Management, Vol. 25, No. 4, October, 1995, pp. 365-376

Boer, F.P., "R&D Planning Environment for the '90s - America and Japan", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 34, No. 2, March- April, 1991, pp. 12-15

Bolton, M.K., "Imitation Versus Innovation: Lessons to be Learned from the Japanese", Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 21, No. 3, Winter, 1993, pp. 30-45

Boulton, W.R., "Japanese Approach to Innovation", les Nouvelles, Vol. 25, No. 1, March, 1990, pp. 11-14

Boulton, W.R., Dowling, M.J. and Lohmeyer, Jurgen, "Technology Development Strategies in Japan, Europe and the United States", Technovation, Vol. 12, No. 2, March, 1992, pp. 99-118

Bowander, B. and Miyake, T., "Technology Strategy of Toshiba Corporation: a Knowledge Evolution Perspective", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 19, Nos. 7/8, 2000, pp. 864-895

Bowander, B. and Miyake, T., "Creating and Sustaining Competitiveness: An Analysis of the Japanese Robotics Industry", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 9, Nos. 5-7, 1994, pp. 575-611

Bowander, B. and Miyake, T., "Technology Forecasting in Japan", Futures, Vol. 25, No. 7, September, 1993, pp. 757-777

Bowander, B. and Miyake, T., "Japanese Innovations in Advanced Technologies: An Analysis of Functional Integration", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 8, Nos. 1/2, 1993, pp. 135-156

Bowander, B. and Miyake, T., "A Model of Corporate Innovation Management: Some Recent High Tech Innovations in Japan", R&D Management, Vol. 22, No. 4, October, 1992, pp. 319-335

Bowander, B. and Miyake, T., "Development of Fuzzy Logic Technology: An Analysis of the Japanese Technological Innovation Process", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 19, No. 4, August, 1992, pp. 207-220

Bowander, B. and Miyake, T., "Industrial Competitiveness: An Analysis of the Japanese Electronics Industry", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 18, No. 2, April, 1991, pp. 93-110

Bowander, B. and Miyake, T., "Technology Development and Japanese Industrial Competitiveness", Futures, Vol. 22, No. 1, January/February, 1990, pp. 21-45

Bowander, B. and Miyake, T., "Measuring Innovativeness of an Industry: An Analysis of the Electronics Industry in India, Japan and Korea", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 15, No. 5, October, 1988, pp. 279-303

Bowander, B. and Miyake, T., "Measurement of Technology at Industry Level: A Case Study of the Steel Industry in India and Japan", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 15, No. 4, August, 1988, pp. 249-269

Bowonder, B., Miyake, T. and Linstone, H.A., "The Japanese Institutional Mechanisms for Industrial Growth: A Systems Perspective - Part I", Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 47, No. 2, October, 1994, pp. 229-254; "Part II", Vol. 47, No. 3, November, 1994, pp. 309-344

Bozeman, Barry and Pandey, Sanjay, "Cooperative R&D in Government Laboratories: Comparing the US and Japan", Technovation, Vol. 14, No. 3, April, 1994, pp. 145-159

Breiner, Sibylle, Cuhls, Kerstin, and Grupp, Hariolf, "Technology Foresight Using a Delphi Approach: A Japanese-German Co-operation", R&D Management, Vol. 24, No. 2, April, 1994, pp. 141153

Brown, R.M. and Blevins, T.F., "Should America Embrace Japanese Management Techniques?", SAM Advanced Management Journal, Vol. 54, No. 1, Winter, 1989, pp. 22-31

Bylinsky, Gene, "The Hottest High-Tech Company in Japan", Fortune, Vol. 121, No. 1, January 1, 1990, pp. 50-54

Callon, Scott, "Divided Sun: MITI and the Breakdown of Japanese High-tech Industrial Policy", Stanford University Press, 1996

Campbell, Nigel, "Sources of Competitive Rivalry in Japan", Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 2, No. 4, December, 1985, pp. 224-231

Campbell, Nigel and Burton, Fred, eds., "Japanese Multinationals: Strategies and Management in the Global Kaisha", London: Routledge, 1994

Caravatti, Marie-Louise, "Why the United States Must Do More Process R&D", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 35, No. 5, September-October, 1992, pp. 8-9

Carayannis, Elias G., "High-technology Spin-offs from Government R&D Laboratories and Research Universities", Technovation, Vol. 18, No. 1, January, 1998, pp. 1-11

Carayannis, Elias G. and Jorge, Jennifer, "Bridging Government-University-Industry Technological Learning Disconnects: a Comparative Study of Training and Development Policies and Practices in the US, Japan, Germany and France", Technovation, Vol. 18, Nos. 6/7, June/July, 1998, pp. 383-408

Carraher, Shawn M., Franklin, Geralyn M., Parnell, John A. and Sullivan, Sherry E., "Entrepreneurial Service Performance and Technology Management: A Study of China and Japan", Journal of Technology Management in China, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2006, pp. 107-117

Chakrabarti, A.K., "Competition in High Technology: Analysis of Patents of U.S., Japan, U.K., France, West Germany, and Canada", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 38, No. 1, February, 1991, pp. 78-84

Cheney, D.W. and Grimes, W.W., "Japanese Technology Policy: What's the Secret?", Council on Competitiveness, 900 17th Street, N.W., Washington, DC, 20006, February, 1990

Chesnais, Francois, "Technical Co-operation Agreements Between Firms", STI Review, No. 4, December, 1988, pp. 51-119

Chiang, Jong-Tsong, "Institutional Frameworks and Technological Paradigms in Japan: Targeting Computers, Semiconductors, and Software", Technology in Society, Vol. 22, No. 2, April, 2000, pp. 151-174

Chiang, Jong-Tsong, "Technology Policy Paradigms and Intellectual Property Strategies: Three National Models", Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 49, No. 1, May, 1995, pp. 35-48

Chien, Y.T., "The Impact of the Internet on University-Based Research and Innovation in the United States and Japan", in Industrializing Knowledge - University-Industry Linkages in Japan and the United States", Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1999, pp. 439-470

Clark, K.B. and Fujimoto, T., "Lead Time in Automobile Product Development: Explaining the Japanese Advantage", Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, Vol. 6, No. 1, September, 1989, pp. 25-58

Clark, Rodney, "Aspects of Japanese Commercial Innovation", London: The Technical Change Centre, 1984

Coe, Roger N., "Formalities of Negotiation with Japanese", les Nouvelles, Vol. 30, No. 4, December, 1995, pp. 202-204

Cole, G.S., "The Survival of US Manufacturing - The Ultimate Management Decision", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 2, No. 1, 1987, pp. 75-87

Collins, Steven and Wakoh, Hikoji, "Universities and Technology Transfer in Japan: Recent Reforms in Historical Perspective", Journal of Technology Transfer, Vol. 25, No. 2, June, 2000, pp. 213-222

Collinson, Simon, "Managing Product Innovation at Sony: The Development of the Data Discman", Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, No. 3, 1993, pp. 285-306

Condit, P.M., "Why U.S. Firms Cannot Compete with the Japanese", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 31, No. 3, May-June, 1988, pp. 7-8

Cottrell, Tom, "Fragmented Standards and the Development of Japan's Microcomputer Software Industry", Research Policy, Vol. 23, No. 2, March, 1994, pp. 143-174

Cross, Michael, "Japan's Fifth Generation Computer Project: Successes and Failures", Futures, Vol. 21, No. 4, August, 1989, pp. 401-403

Crow, Michael, "Technology Development in Japan and the United States: Lessons from the High-temperature Superconductivity Race", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 16, No. 6, December, 1989, pp. 322-344

Crow, M.M. and Nath, Shrilata, "Technology Strategy Development in Japanese Industry: An Assessment of Market and Government Influences", Technovation, Vol. 10, No. 5, July, 1990, pp. 333- 346

Cummings, W.K., "The Culture of Effective Science: Japan and the United States", Minerva, Vol. 28, No. 4, Winter, 1990, pp. 426- 445

Cummings, W.K., "Life Science and Biotechnology R&D in Japan", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 14, No. 6, December, 1987, pp. 317-328

Cunard, Jeffrey P., "How to Protect Technology That's Transferred to Japan: Key Issues Involving Patents", East Asian Executive Reports, November 15, 1989, pp. 9, 14-16

Cusumano, M.A., "Japan's Software Factories: A Challenge to U.S. Management", New York: Oxford University Press, 1991

Cusumano, M.A., "Manufacturing Innovation: Lessons from the Japanese Auto Industry", Sloan Management Review, Vol. 30, No. 1, Fall, 1988, pp. 29-39

Cusumano, M.A., "Diversity and Innovation in Japanese Technology Management", in Research on Technological Innovation, Management, and Policy, R.S. Rosenbloom, ed., Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1986

Cusumano, M.A. and Nobeoka, Kentaro, "Strategy, Structure and Performance in Product Development: Observations from the Auto Industry", Research Policy, Vol. 21, No. 3, June, 1992, pp. 265- 293

Cutler, R.S., ed., "Technology Management in Japan: R&D Policy, Industrial Strategies and Current Practices", [$24.95], Industrial Research Institute, Inc., 1550 M Street, N.W., Washington, DC, 20005

Cutler, R.S., "Survey of High-Technology-Transfer Mechanisms in Japan and the USA", Journal of Technology Transfer, Vol. 13, No. 1, Fall, 1988, pp. 42-48

Czinkota, M. and Kotabe, M., "Product Development the Japanese Way", The Journal of Business Strategy, Vol. 11, No. 6, November/December, 1990, pp. 31-36

Daniel, Shirley J. and Reitsperger, Wolf D., "Japan vs. Silicon Valley: Quality-Cost Trade-Off Philosophies", Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 21, No. 2, 1990, pp. 289-300

David, E.A., Mukaibo, Takashi and Gans Carole, eds., "Engineering Education: Science Policies in the U.S. and Japan", Washington, DC: National Science Foundation Publication, February, 1988

Demirag, Istemi S. and Doi, Noriyuki, "R&D Management Under Short-term Pressures: A Comparative Study of the UK and Japan", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 40, No. 4, 2007, pp. 249-277

Doi, Noriyuki, "Firm Size and R&D Activity in Japanese Manufacturing Industries", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 21, No. 5, October, 1994, pp. 295-308

Doi, N., "Diversification and R&D Activity in Japanese Manufacturing Firms", Managerial and Decision Economics, Vol. 6, No. 3, September, 1985, pp. 147-152

Domingo, R.T., "Sony Corporation: The Sweet Sound of Success", World Executive Digest, Vol. 10, No. 12, December, 1989, pp. 83- 85, 88

Dore, Ron, "Where Will the Japanese Nobel Prizes Come From?", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 13, No. 6, December, 1986, pp. 347-361

Dutla, Soumitra, "Fuzzy Logic Applications: Technological and Strategic Issues", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 40, No. 3, August, 1993, pp. 237-254

Ebrahimpour, Maling and Withers, B.E., "Employee Involvement in Quality Improvement: A Comparison of American and Japanese Manufacturing Firms Operating in the U.S.", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 39, No. 3, August, 1992, pp. 142-148

Edgett, Scott, Shipley, David and Forbes, Giles, "Japanese and British Companies Compared: Contributing Factors to Success and Failure in NPD", Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 9, No. 1, March, 1992, pp. 3-10

Edgington, David, "New Strategies for Technology Development in Japanese Cities and Regions", Town Planning Review, Vol. 60, No. 1, January, 1989, pp. 1-27

Eto, Hajime, "Classification of R&D Organizational Structures in Relation to Strategies", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 38, No. 2, May, 1991, pp. 146-156

Eto, H., "Research and Development in Japan", in Innovation in Management, Y. Monden, ed., Atlanta, GA: Industrial Engineering and Management Press, 1985, pp. 145-178

Eto, H., "Behaviour of Japanese R&D Organizations - Conflict and its Resolution by Informal Mechanisms", in R&D Management Systems in Japanese Industry, Ch. 7, H. Eto and K. Matsui, eds., Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1984

Eto, Hajime, "Problems and Lessons of Japanese Technology Policy", R&D Management, Vol. 10, No. 2, February, 1980, pp. 49- 59

Eto, H., "Intercorporate Technology Transfer in Japanese Industry", Interface, Vol. 9, 1979, pp. 70-71

Eto, Hajime and Fujita, Mamoru, "Regularities in the Growth of High Technology Industries in Regions", Research Policy, Vol. 18, No. 3, June, 1989, pp. 135-153

Ettlie, John E. and Campbell, John C., eds., "Engineered in Japan: Japan Technology Management Practices", New York: Oxford University Press, 1995

Ferguson, C.H., "Computers and the Coming of the U.S. Keiretsu", Harvard Business Review, Vol. 68, No. 4, July-August, 1990, pp. 55-70

Fisher, G.M.C., "Technological Lessons for the U.S. and Japan", Directors & Boards, Vol. 14, No. 4, Summer, 1990, pp. 20-22

Frame, J.D. and Narin, Francis, "The United States, Japan and the Changing Technological Balance", Research Policy, Vol. 19, No. 5, October, 1990, pp. 447-455

Fransman, Martin and Tanaka, Shoko, "Government, Globalisation, and Universities in Japanese Biotechnology", Research Policy, Vol. 24, No. 1, January, 1995, pp. 13-49

Fransman, Martin, "The Market and Beyond: Cooperation and Competition in Information Technology in the Japanese System", New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990

Freeman, Christopher, "Japan: A New National System of Innovation?", in Technical Change and Economic Theory, Giovanni Dosi, Christopher Freeman et al, eds., London: Pinter Publishers, 1988, pp. 330-347

Freeman, Christopher, "Technology Policy and Economic Performance: Lessons from Japan", London: Frances Pinter, 1987

Freidman, David, "The Misunderstood Miracle: Industrial Development and Political Change in Japan", Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1988

Fruin, W. Mark, "Smart Cards and Product-Development Strategies in the Electronics Industry in Japan", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 45, No. 3, August, 1998, pp. 241-249

Fujimoto, Masayo, Miyazaki, Kumiko and von Tunzelmann, Nick, "Technological Fusion and Telemedicine in Japanese Companies", Technovation, Vol. 20, No. 4, April, 2000, pp. 169-187

Fujisue, Kenzo, "Promotion of Academia-Industry Cooperation in Japan - Establishing the "Law of Promoting Technology Transfer from University to Industry" in Japan", Technovation, Vol. 18, Nos. 6/7, June/July, 1998, pp. 371-381

Fukasaku, Yukiko, "Origins of Japanese Industrial Research: Prewar Government Policy and In-house Research at Mitsubishi: Nagasaki Shipyard", Research Policy, Vol. 21, No. 3, June, 1992, pp. 197-213

Fukugawa, Nobuya, "Science Parks in Japan and their Value-added Contributions to New Technology-based Firms", International Journal of Industrial Organization, Vol. 24, No. 2, March, 2006, pp. 381-400

Funk, Jeffrey L., "Japanese Product-Development Strategies: A Summary and Propositions About their Implementation", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 40, No. 3, August, 1993, pp. 224-236

Furukawa, Koichi, Teramoto, Yoshiya and Kanda, Makoto, "Network Organization for Inter-firm R&D Activities: Experiences of Japanese Small Businesses", International Journal of Technology Man agement, Vol. 5, No. 1, 1990, pp. 27-40

Gemba, Kiminori and Kodama, Fumio, "Diversification Dynamics of the Japanese Industry", Research Policy, Vol. 30, No. 8, October, 2001, pp. 1165-1184

Gerstenfeld, Arthur and Sumiyoshi, Keyi, "The Management of Innovation in Japan - Seven Forces that Make the Differences", Research Management, Vol. 23, No. 1, January, 1980, pp. 30-34

Giget, Marc, "The Bonsai Trees of Japanese Industry", Futures, Vol. 20, No. 2, April, 1988, pp. 147-154

Glazer, Herbert, "An International Comparison of Japanese Corporation Research and Development", Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Management of Technology, Miami, FL, February 17-21, 1992, Norcross, GA: Industrial Engineering and Management Press, Vol. 1, pp. 57-66

Gold, Bela, "Strengthening the International Competitiveness of Industries: The Multi-functional Development of Executives in Japanese Industries", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 9, Nos. 5-7, 1994, pp. 516-528

Goldscheider, Robert, "Japan-U.S. Relations in New Era", les Nouvelles, Vol. 29, No. 4, December, 1994, pp. 196-202

Goodman, E.M., "The Japanese Information-Gatherers", Research- Technology Management, Vol. 35, No. 4, July-August, 1992, p. 47

Gordon, Maxwell, "Comments on Japanese Licensing Experience", les Nouvelles, Vol. 23, No. 2, June, 1988, pp. 57-60

Gospel, H.F., ed., "Industrial Training and Technological Innovation: A Comparative and Historical Study", London/New York: Routledge, 1991

Goto, Akira and Kazuyuki, Suzuki, "R&D Capital, Rate of Return on R&D Investment and Spillover of R&D in Japanese Manufacturing Industries", The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 71, No. 4, November, 1989, p. 555-564

Goto, A. and Wakasugi, R., "Technology Policy", in Industrial Policy of Japan, R. Komiya, M. Okuno and K. Suzumura, eds., Tokyo: Academic Press, 1988

Goto, Akira and Wakasugi, Ryuhei, "Technology Policy in Japan: A Short Review", Technovation, Vol. 5, No. 4, February, 1987, pp. 269-279

Gow, Ian, "Japanese Technological Advance: Problems of Evaluation", European Management Journal, Vol. 6, No. 2, Summer, 1988, pp. 127-133

Granstrand, Ove, "Corporate Management of Intellectual Property in Japan", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 19, Nos. 1/2, 2000, pp. 121-148

Granstrand, Ove, Sjolander and Alange, S., "Strategic Technology Management Issues in Japanese Manufacturing Industry", Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, Vol. 1, No. 3, 1989, pp. 259-272

Gregory, G., "Japanese Electronics Technology Enterprise and Innovation", New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1985

Gregory, Gene, "Mega-Research Investment for Japanese Microelectronics", Research Management, Vol. 26, No. 3, May-June, 1983, pp. 14-19

Griffy-Brown, Charla, Watanable, Chihiro and Fujisue, Kenzo, "Technology Spillovers and Informatization in Japan: an Analysis of Information Technology Diffusion in Large versus Small and Medium-sized Enterprises", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 17, No. 4, 1999, pp. 362-368

Grupp, Hariolf, "A Quantitative Assessment of Innovation Dynamics and R&D Management in Japanese and West German Telecommunications", R&D Management, Vol. 21, No. 4, October, 1991, pp. 271- 290

Gundling, Ernest, "Ethics and Working with the Japanese: The Entrepreneur and the `Elite Course'", California Management Review, Vol. 33, No. 3, Spring, 1991, pp. 25-39

Haitani, Kanji, "U.S. - Japanese Technorivalry and International Competitiveness", International Review of Economics and Business, Vol. 37, No. 12, 1990, pp. 1047-1067

Hall, Arlie, "A Structure for Organizational Learning", Journal of Technology Transfer, Vol. 20, Nos. 3/4, December, 1995, pp. 11-19

Ham, Rose Marie, Linden, Greg and Appleyard, Melissa M., "The Evolving Role of Semiconductor Consortia in the United States and Japan", California Management Review, Vol. 41, No. 1, Fall, 1998, pp. 137-163

Hane, Gerald J., "Clearing the Fog Around R&D Consortia in Japan", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 22, No. 2, April, 1995, pp. 85-94

Hane, Gerald J., "The Real Lessons of Japanese Research Consortia", The Journal of Technology Transfer, Vol. 18, Nos. 3/4, Summer-Fall, 1993, pp. 35-42

Haneda, Shoko and Odagiri, Hiroyuki, "Appropriation of Returns from Technological Assets and the Values of Patents and R&D in Japanese High-Tech Firms", Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Vol. 7, No. 4, 1998, pp. 303-321

Harber, A.D. and Samson, D.A., "Japanese Management Practice: An Intensive Framework", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 4, No. 3, 1989, pp. 283-303

Harris, R.G., "Telecommunications Policy in Japan: Lessons for the U.S.", California Management Review, Vol. 31, No. 3, Spring, 1989, pp. 113-131

Harryson, S., "Japanese Technology and Innovation Management: From Know-how to Know-who", Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 1998

Heaton, Jr., G.R. , "The Truth About Japan's Cooperative R&D", Issues in Science and Technology, Vol. 5, No. 1, Fall, 1988, pp. 32-40

Hee, Cho Hwang and Hirasawa, Ryo, "Changes in Japanese Government Policies to be a Front-runner in Science and Technology", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 25, No. 1, February, 1998, pp. 47-54

Hee, Cho Hwang, Soo, Kim Ji and Hwan, Kim Tu, "Lessons from the Japanese Space Development Policy: from Followers to Independent Developer", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 24, No. 4, August, 1997, pp. 223-232

Helfgott, Samson, "Cultural Differences Between the U.S. and Japanese Patent Systems", Journal of the Patent and Trademark Office Society, Vol. 72, No. 3, March, 1990, pp. 231-238

Hellwig, Helmut, "Differences in Competitive Strategies Between the United States and Japan", IEEE Transaction on Engineering Management, Vol. 39, No. 1, February, 1992, pp. 77-78

Hennart, Jean-Francois and Park, Young-Ryeol, "Location, Governance, and Strategic Determinants of Japanese Manufacturing Investment in the United States", Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 15, No. 6, July, 1994, pp. 419-436

Herbert, Evan, "How Japanese Companies Set R&D Directions", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 33, No. 5, September-October, 1990, pp. 28-37

Herbertz, Heinrich and Muller-Hill, Benno, "Quality and Efficiency of Basic Research in Molecular Biology: A Bibliometric Analysis of Thirteen Excellent Research Institutes", Research Policy, Vol. 24, No. 6, November, 1995, pp. 959-979

Herbig, Paul A. and Palumbo, Fred, "The Effect of Culture on the Adoption Process: A Comparison of Japanese and American Behavior", Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 46, No. 1, May, 1994, pp. 71-101

Hicks, Diana, "University-industry Research Links in Japan", Policy Sciences, Vol. 26, No. 4, 1993, pp. 361-395

Hicks, Diana M., Isard, Phoebe A. and Martin, Ben R., "A Morphology of Japanese and European Corporate Research Networks", Research Policy, Vol. 25, No. 3, May, 1996, pp. 359-378

Hicks, D., Ishizuka, T., Keen, P. and Sweet, S., "Japanese Corporations, Scientific Research and Globalization", Research Policy, Vol. 23, No. 4, June, 1994, pp. 375-384

Hiraoke, Leslie S., "Japan's Coordinated Technology Transfer and Direct Investments in Asia", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 10, Nos. 7/8, 1995, pp. 714-731

Hiraoka, L.S., "Japan's Technology Trade", Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 28, No. 3, November, 1985, pp. 231-241

Hiraoka, L.S., "US - Japanese Competition in High Technology Fields", Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 26, No. 1, August, 1984, pp. 1-10

Hitomi, Katsundo, "Present Trends and Issues in Japanese Manufacturing and Management", Technovation, Vol. 12, No. 3, April, 1992, pp. 177-189

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