Section Twenty Eight

Measuring and Improving Individual, Organizational

and National S&T Performance and Productivity

 

TOPICS INCLUDED IN THIS SECTION INCLUDE:

Modified: January 9, 2017

Acton, Gwen and Andrews, Tim", Impeding Scientist's Productivity", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 49, No. 5, September-October, 2006, pp. 59-60

Adams, James D. and Jaffe, Adam B., "Bounding the Effects of R&D: An Investigation Using Matched Establishment-firm Data", RAND Journal of Economics, Vol. 27, No. 4, Winter, 1996, pp. 700-721

Addison, A., Derr, T.B. and Yeagley, H.L., "A Method of Performance Evaluation for Engineers and Scientists", IRE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. EM-8, No. 4, December, 1961, pp. 177-193

Adler, S.F. and Fang, H.H.P., "U.S. Patent Productivity", Research Management, Vol. 29, No. 5, September-October, 1986, pp. 29-35

Ahmad, Aqueil, "Knowledge Work: Its Evaluation and Reward", R&D Management, Vol. 11, No. 2, April, 1981, pp. 69-78

Aiman-Smith, Lynda, Goodrich, Nina, Roberts, David and Scinta, James, "Assessing Your Organization's Potential for Value Innovation", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 48, No. 2, March-April, 2005, pp. 37-42

Aimetti, Jean-Paul, Visart, Nicole and Gainche, C.Y., "The Utility of Using Different Typologies of Research Units to Understand Their Functioning and Management", R&D Management, Vol. 9, Special Issue, 1979, pp. 193-206

Akella, Janaki, Manyika, James M. and Roberts, Roger P., "What High Tech Can Learn from Slow-Growth Industries", The McKinsey Quarterly, Vol. 4, 2000

Albert, M.B., Avery, D., Narin, F. and McAllister, P., "Direct Validation of Citation Counts as Indicators of Industrially Important Patents", Research Policy, Vol. 20, No. 3, June, 1991, pp. 251-259

Albert, Michael B., Yoshida, Phyliss G. and van Opstel, Debra, "Global Patenting Trends", Chemtech, February, 1999, pp. 47-56

Allison, P.D. and Stewart, J.A., "Productivity Differences Among Scientists: Evidence for Accumulative Advantage", American Sociological Review, Vol. 39, No. 4, August, 1974, pp. 596-606

Amsden, Alice H. and Mourshed, Mona, "Scientific Publications, Patents and Technological Capabilities in Late-industrializing Countries", Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, Vol. 9, No. 3, September, 1997, pp. 343-360

Anderson, Alun, "No Citation Analyses Please, We're British", Science, Vol. 252, No. 5006, May 3, 1991, p. 639

Anderson, J., Collins, P.M.D., Irvine, J., Isard, P.A., Martin, B.R., Narin, F. and Stevens, Kimberley, "On-line Approaches to Measuring National Scientific Output: A Cautionary Tale", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 15, No. 3, June, 1988, pp. 153-161

Andrews, F.M., ed., "Scientific Productivity: The Effectiveness of Research Groups in Six Countries", New York: Cambridge University Press, 1979

Andrews, F.M., "Scientific Performance as Related to Time Spent on Technical Work, Teaching, or Administration", Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 9, September, 1964, pp. 182-193

Angus, F. Raymond, Goodman, Alan L., Pfund, Phil, Wasson, Robert, Wyndrum, Ralph and Zoller, Walter M., "Reengineering for Revenue Growth", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 39, No. 2, March-April, 1996, pp. 26-31

Apt, K.E. and Watkins, D.W., "What One Laboratory has Learned About Performance Appraisal", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 32, No. 4, July-August, 1989, pp. 22-28

Armentrout, D.R., "Engineering Productivity Management and Performance Measurement", Journal of Management Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 3, July, 1986, pp. 141-147

Aubert, J.E. and Andrikopoulos-Lliopoulis, Mrs., "Evaluation of Scientific and Technological Programmes and Policies: A Selection of Current Experiences in OECD Countries", STI Review, No. 6, December, 1989, pp. 147-177

Auditor General of Canada, "Science and Technology", Vol. 6, Chapters 9, 10, 11 and 32, Ottawa, Ontario: Report of the Auditor General of Canada, 1994

Audretsch, D.B., Link, A.N. and Scott, J.T., "Public/private Technology Partnerships: Evaluating SBIR-supported Research", Research Policy, Vol. 31, No. 1, January, 2002, pp. 145-158

Aurashi, M.A., "Publication Rate as a Function of the Laboratory Group Size", Scientometrics, Vol. 6, No. 1, 1984, pp. 19-26

Averch, H.A., "Exploring the Cost-Efficiency of Basic Research Funding in Chemistry", Research Policy, Vol. 18, No. 3, June, 1989, pp. 165-172

Baba, Marietta L., Falkenburg, Donald R. and Hill, David H., "Technology Management and American Culture: Implications for Business Process Redesign", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 39, No. 6, November-December, 1996, pp. 44-54

Bach, Laurent, Cohendet, Patrick and Ledoux, Marc-Jacques, "The Evaluation of Big R&D Projects: A Comparison Between the Case of the Brite Euram Projects and the Case of the Space Projects", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 10, Nos. 4-6, 1995, pp. 525-556

Badawy, M.K., "Managing Human Resources", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 31, No. 5, September-October, 1988, pp. 19-35; revised Vol. 50, No. 4, July-August, 2007, pp. 56-74

Bailer, J.C. and Patterson, K., "Journal Peer Review: The Need for a Research Agenda", New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 312, 1985, pp. 654-657

Bailey, Diane E., "Comparison of Manufacturing Performance of Three Team Structures in Semiconductor Plants", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 45, No. 1, February, 1998, pp. 20-32

Balderston, Jack, "Performance Appraisal Systems", Journal of the Society of Research Administrators, Vol. 4, No. 3, Winter, 1973, pp. 3-24

Balderston, Jack, "A Performance and Salary Review System for Scientists", Research Management, Vol. 7, No. 3, May, 1964, pp. 209-224

Balestri, Maria G., Mangiaracina, Silvana and Nobili, Dario, "Bibliometric S&T Indicators to Comply with Users' Needs", Research Evaluation, Vol. 10, No. 1, April, 2001, pp. 5-12

Ball, Derrick F., "Quality Measurements as a Basis for Resource Allocation: Research Assessment Exercises in United Kingdom Universities", R&D Management, Vol. 27, No. 3, July, 1997, pp. 281-289

Ball, Derrick F. and Butler, Jeff, "The Implicit Use of Business Concepts in the UK Research Assessment Exercise", R&D Management, Vol. 34, No. 1, January, 2004, pp. 87-97

Balsano, Thomas J., Goodrich, Nina E., Lee, Richard K., Miley, John W., Morse, Terri F. and Roberts, David A., "Identify Your Innovation Enablers and Inhibitors", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 51, No. 6, November-December, 2008, pp. 23-33

Barboli, Giancarlo, "New Indicators for Measuring the Manifold Aspects of Technical and Econmic Efficiency of Production Processes and Technologies", Technovation, Vol. 16, No. 7, July, 1996, pp. 341-356

Barclay, I. and Dann, Z., "New Product Development Performance Evaluation: a Product-complexity-based Method", IEE Proceedings-Science Measurement and Technology, Vol. 147, No. 2, 2000, pp. 41-55

Barker, Katharine, "Strengthening the Impact of R&D Evaluation on Policy Making: Methodological and Organisational Considerations", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 21, No. 6, December, 1994, pp. 405-413

Barnhart, S.A., "Developing a Performance Appraisal System", R&D Management, Vol. 17, No. 2, April, 1987, pp. 99-102

Barré, Rémi, "Sense and Nonsense of S&T Productivity Indicators", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 28, No. 4, August, 2001, pp. 259-266

Barré, Rémi, "The Agora Model of Innovation Systems: S&T Indicators for a Democratic Knowledge Society", Research Evaluation, Vol. 10, No. 1, April, 2001, pp. 13-18

Bartell, Marvin, "The Performance Effectiveness of Research and Development Scientists: Agricultural Research in Canada", Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 1972

Bassi, Laurie J. and Van Buren, Mark E., "Valuing Investments in Intellectual Capital", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 18, Nos. 5-8, 1999, pp. 414-432

Basu, Aparna, "A Comparative Analysis of India and other Asian Countries Based on Science, Technology and Development Indicators", Research Evaluation, Vol. 10, No. 1, April, 2001, pp. 19-32

Bauin, S., Michelet, B., Schweighoffer, M.G. and Vermeulin, P., "Using Bibliometrics in Strategic Analysis: `Understanding Chemical Reactions' at the CNRS", Scientometrics, Vol. 22, No. 1, September, 1991, pp. 113-137

Bayer, A.E. and Folger, J., "Some Correlates of a Citation Measure of Productivity in Science", Sociology of Education, Vol. 39, No. 4, Fall, 1966, pp. 381-390

Bean, Alden S., "Why Some R&D Organizations Are More Productive Than Others", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 38, No. 1, January-February, 1995, pp. 25-29

Bean, T.J. and Gros, J.G., "R&D Benchmarking at AT&T", Research- Technology Management, Vol. 35, No. 4, July-August, 1992, pp. 32- 37

Beasley, J.E., "Comparing University Departments", OMEGA, Vol. 18, No. 2, 1990, pp. 171-183

Bedrosian, Karakian, "Evaluating Your R&D Effort", Innovation, No. 22, June, 1971, pp. 46-55

Beer, M., "Performance Appraisal: Dilemmas and Possibilities", in Managing Professionals in Innovative Organizations, R. Katz, ed., Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1988, pp. 539-550

Billings, B. Anthony, Musazi, Buagu G.N. and Moore, John W., "The Effects of Funding Source and Management Ownership on the Productivity of R&D", R&D Management, Vol. 34, No. 3, June, 2004, pp. 281-294

Bobe, B., "Trends in the Use of R&D Output Indicators in EC Programme Evaluation", Scientometrics, Vol. 21, No. 3, July- August, 1991, pp. 263-282

Bogan, Christopher E. and English, Michael J., "Benchmarking for Best Practices - Winning Through Innovative Adaptations", New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994

Boggio, G. and Gallimore, R., eds., "Evaluation of Research and Development", Conference Proceedings, Commission of the European Communities, January, 25-26, 1982, Dordrecht, Holland: Reidel Publishing Co., 1982

Boggio, G. and Spachis-Papazois, E., "Evaluation of Research and Development", Proceedings of the Seminar, Brussels, Belgium, October 17-18, 1983, Hingham, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1984

Boggs, R.W., Bayuk, Linda M. and McCamey, David A., "Speeding Development Cycles", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 42, No. 5, September-October, 1999, pp. 33-38

Bontis, Nick, "Managing Organizational Knowledge by Diagnosing Intellectual Capital: Framing and Advancing the Field", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 18, Nos. 5-8, 1999, pp. 433-462

Bowander, B. and Miyake, T., "Measuring Innovativeness of an Industry: An Analysis of the Electronics Industry in India, Japan and Korea", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 15, No. 5, October, 1988, pp. 279-303

Bowander, B. and Miyake, T., "Measurement of Technology at Industry Level: A Case Study of the Steel Industry in India and Japan", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 15, No. 4, August, 1988, pp. 249-269

Bowers, L.J. and Elliott, R.W., "Evaluation of Forty-four University Research Programs that Receive Line-item Appropriations from the Texas Legislature", SRA Journal, Vol. 24, No. 1, Summer, 1992, pp. 57-65

Bowles, J.R., "Research and Development: Measures of Input", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 11, No. 1, February, 1984, pp. 25-28

Bowman, C.W., "Measuring Good Research Management", Research- Technology Management, Vol. 35, No. 2, March-April, 1992, pp. 13- 15

Box, Steven and Cotgrove, Stephen, "The Productivity of Scientists in Industrial Research Laboratories", Sociology, Vol. 2, No. 2, May, 1968, pp. 163-172

Bozeman, Barry and Melkers, Julia, eds., "Evaluating R&D Impacts: Methods and Practice", London/Boston, Kluwer, 1993

Bozeman, Barry and Kingsley, Gordon, "R&D Value Mapping: A New Approach to Case Study-based Evaluation", Journal of Technology Transfer, Vol. 22, No. 2, Summer, 1997, pp. 33-42

Bozeman, Barry and Loveless, Steve, "Sector Context and Productivity: A Comparison of Government and Industry R&D Units", Administration & Society, Vol. 19, No. 2, August, 1987, pp. 197- 235

Branson, Ira and Foster, Phillips, "Economies of Size of USDA Agricultural Research Stations", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. EM-34, No. 3, August, 1987, pp. 156-160

Braun, T, Maczelka, H. and Schubert, A., "Scientometric Indicators Datafiles: Summary Statistics and Trendlines of Major Geopolitical Regions, 1980-1989", Scientometrics, Vol. 25, No. 2, October, 1992, pp. 211-217

Bremser, Wayne G. and Barsky, Noah P., "Utilizing the Balanced Scorecard for R&D Performance Measurement", R&D Management, Vol. 34, No. 3, June, 2004, pp. 229-238

Brenner, Merrill S. and Tao, John C., "You Can Measure External Research Programs", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 44, No. 3, May-June, 2001, pp. 14-17

Brignac, Garland B., Rhymes, William G., Barton, William J. and Cox III, X.B., "Successful Work Process Design Begins by Gathering the Right Data", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 39, No. 5, September-October, 1996, pp. 12-14

Brockhoff, Klaus K., Koch, Grit and Pearson, Alan W., "Business Process Re-engineering: Experiences in R&D", Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, Vol. 163-178

Brooks, H.B., "Efficiency of Complex Projects", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. EM-13, No. 3, September, 1966, pp. 128-132

Brown, Edward A., "Measuring Performance at the Army Research Laboratory: The Performance Evaluation Construct", Journal of Technology Transfer, Vol. 22, No. 2, Summer, 1997, pp. 21-26

Brown, Marilyn A., Curlee, T. Randall and Elliot, Steven R., "Evaluating Technology Innovation Programs: The Use of Comparison Groups to Identify Impacts", Research Policy, Vol. 24, No. 5, September, 1995, pp. 669-684

Brown, M.G. and Svenson, R.A., "Measuring R&D Productivity", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 31, No. 4, July-August, 1988, pp. 11-15 [Reprinted in Vol. 41, No. 6, November-December, 1998, pp. 30-35]

Brown, W.B. and Gobeli, David, "Observations on the Measurement of R&D Productivity: A Case Study", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 39, No. 4, November, 1992, pp. 325-331

Buchheim, Robert K., "Developing Performance Metrics for a Design Engineering Department", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 47, No. 3, August, 2000, pp. 309-320

Buck, David, "Problems with U.K. Defence R&D Statistics", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 20, No. 1, February, 1993, pp. 37-49

Bukowitz, Wendi R. and Petrash, Gordon P., "Visualizing, Measuring and Managing Knowledge", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 40, No. 4, July-August, 1997, pp. 24-31

Bukowitz, Wendi R., Williams, Ruth L. and Mactas, Edward S., "Human Capital Measurement", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 47, No. 3, May-June, 2004, pp. 43-49

Burgess, J.A., "Auditing an Engineering Organization", Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 101, No. 9, September, 1979, pp. 22-25

Burgess, J.S., "The Evaluation of a Government-sponsored Research and Development Program", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. EM-13, No. 2, June, 1966, pp. 84-90

Butler, Linda, "Revisiting Bibliometric Issues Using New Empirical Data", Research Evaluation, Vol. 10, No. 1, April, 2001, pp. 59-65

Caffyn, Sarah, "Extending Continuous Improvement to the New Product Development Process", R&D Management, Vol. 27, No. 3, July, 1997, pp. 253-267

Callaham, R.Z., "Evaluating Social Benefits of Forestry Research Programs", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. EM- 32, No. 2, May, 1985, pp. 47-54

Callan, Bénédicte, "Why Production Technology is Not a Measure of Competitiveness in the Biotechnologies", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 24, No. 3, June, 1997, pp. 146-160

Callon, Michel, Larèdo, Philippe and Mustar, Philippe, "The Strategic Management of Research and Technology: Evaluation of Programmes", Paris: Economica International, 1997; distributed by the Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C.,

Cano, F. and Julián, S., "Some Indicators in Spanish Scientific Production", Scientometrics, Vol. 24, No. 1, May, 1992, pp. 43-59

Carayannis, Elias G., "Re-engineering High Risk, High Complexity Industries Through Multiple Level Technological Learning: A Case Study of the World Nuclear Power Industry", Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, Vol. 12, No. 4, January, 1996, pp. 301-318

Carpenter, M.P., Gibb, F., Harris, M., Irvine, J., Martin, B.R. and Narin, F., "Bibliometric Profiles for British Academic Institutions: An Experiment to Develop Research Output Indicators", Scientometrics, Vol. 14, Nos. 3/4, September, 1988, pp. 213-233

Carpenter, M.P., Narin, F. and Woolf, P., "Citation Rates to Technologically Important Papers", World Patent Information, Vol. 3, No. 4, 1981, pp. 160-163

Cedergren, Stefan, Wall, Anders and Norstrom, Christer, "Evaluation of Performance in a Product Development Context", Business Horizons, Vol. 53, No. 4, July-August, 2010, pp. 359-369

Chakrabarti, A.K., "Competition in High Technology: Analysis of Patents of U.S., Japan, U.K., France, West Germany, and Canada", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 38, No. 1, February, 1991, pp. 78-84

Chakrabarti, A.K., "Technology Indicators: Conceptual Issues and Measurement Problems", Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, Vol. 6, No. 2, December, 1989, pp. 99-116

Chambat, F., "The Next Stage After Quality Assurance: `Total Quality' Techniques, as Applied in a Metallurgical Laboratory", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 2, No. 1, 1987, pp. 89-99

Chambers, A.D., "The Internal Audit of Research and Development", R&D Management, Vol. 8, No. 2, February, 1978, pp. 95-99

Chaney, F.B., "A Cross-Cultural Study of Industrial Research Performance", Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 50, No. 3, June, 1966, pp. 206-210

Chang, Pao-Long and Hsu, Chiang-Wen, "A Quality Management Model for Research Institutes Responsible for Government-supported R&D Projects", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 16, Nos. 4-6, 1998, pp. 393-404

Chang, Z.Y. and Yong, K.C., "Dimensions and Indices for Performance Evaluation of a Product Development Project", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 6, Nos. 1/2, 1991, pp. 155-167

Chatterji, Deb and Davidson, Jeffrey M., "Examining TQM's Legacies for R&D", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 44, No. 1, January-February, 2001, pp. 10-12

Chelimsky, Eleanor, "Proceedings of a Symposium on the Use of Evaluation by Federal Agencies", Symposium Report, Vol. 1, McLean, VA: Metrek Division, MITRE Corporation, March, 1977

Chen, J.L., "Organizational Consensus Regarding the Relative Importance of Research Output Indicators", The Accounting Review, Vol. 53, 1978, pp. 309-323

Cheng, Chun Hung, Kumar, Ashok, Motwani, Jaideep G., Reisman, Arnold and Madan, Manu S., "A Citation Analysis of the Technology Management Journals", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 46, No. 1, February, 1999, pp. 4-13

Cheng, J.C., "Organizational Staffing and Productivity in Basic and Applied Research: A Comparative Study", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. EM-31, No. 1, February, 1984, pp. 3- 6

Chiesa, Vittoria, Coughlan, Paul and Voss, Chris A., "Development of a Technical Innovation Audit", Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 13, No. 2, March, 1996, pp. 105-136

Chubin, D.E., "Designing Research Program Evaluations: A Science Studies Approach", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 14, No. 2, April, 1987, pp. 82-90

Chubin, D.E., "Research Evaluation and the Generation of Big Science Policy", Knowledge, Vol. 9, 1987, pp. 254-277

Chubin, Daryl and Jasanoff, Sheila, "Peer Review and Public Policy", Science, Technology & Human Values, Vol. 10, No. 52, Summer, 1985, pp. 3-5

Chubin, D.E. and Porter, A.L., "Measuring Scientific Output: A Collective Biography Approach", #PRA84-13060, Report to the Policy Research and Analysis Division, National Science Foundation, Washington, DC, 1986

Chubin, D.E., Porter, A.L. and Rossini, F.A., "Citation Classics Analysis: An Approach to Characterizing Interdisciplinary Research", Journal of the American Society for Innovation Science, Vol. 35, 1984, pp. 360-368

Clark, W.C. and Majone, Giandomenico, "The Critical Appraisal of Scientific Inquiries with Policy Implications", Science, Technology & Human Values, Vol. 10, No. 52, Summer, 1985, pp. 6-19

Clogston, A.M., "Performance Evaluation of Research at Bell Laboratories", in The Quality of Research in Science, Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1982, pp. 56-60

Coccia, Mario, "New Models for Measuring the R&D Performance and Identifying the Productivity of Public Research Institutes", R&D Management, Vol. 34, No. 3, June, 2004, pp. 267-280

Coccia, Mario, "A Basic Model for Evaluating R&D Performance: Theory and Application in Italy", R&D Management, Vol. 31, No. 4, October, 2001, pp. 453-464

Cohen, J.E., "Publication Rate as a Function of Laboratory Size in a Biomedical Research Institution", Scientometrics, Vol. 2, No. 1, January, 1980, pp. 34-35

Cole, Stephan and Phelan, Thomas J., "The Scientific Productivity of Nations", Minerva, Vol. 37, No. 1, Spring, 1999, pp. 1-23

Collier, Donald W., "Measuring the Performance of R&D Departments", Research Management, Vol. 20, No. 2, March, 1977, pp. 30-34

Collins, Peter and Wyatt, Suzanne, "Citations in Patents to the Basic Research Literature", Research Policy, Vol. 17, No. 2, April, 1988, pp. 65-74

Colmen, K.S., "Benchmarking the Delivery of Technical Support", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 36, No. 5, September-October, 1993, pp. 32-37

Cook, D.R., "Improving Productivity Through Efficient Engineering Management", Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 101, No. 6, June, 1979, pp. 27-31

Cooney, Sean, "Progress Through Technology: Need for a New Assessment", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 11, No. 1, February, 1984, pp. 29-36

Cooper, R.B., Dormuth, K.W., Grar, I.D., Sherman, G.R., Truss, K.J. and Willborn, W., "Applying Quality Assurance to R&D Projects", Qualilty Progress, Vol. 23, 1990, p. 21

Cooper, Robert G. and Edgett, Scott J., "Maximizing Productivity in Product Innovation", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 51, No. 2, March-April, 2008, pp. 47-58

Cooper, Robert G. and Kleinschmidt, Elko J., "Winning Businesses in Product Development: The Critical Success Factors", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 39, No. 4, July-August, 1996, pp. 18-29

Cordero, Rene, "The Measurement of Innovation Performance in the Firm: An Overview", Research Policy, Vol. 19, No. 2, April, 1990, pp. 185-192

Cozzens, Susan E., "Assessing Federally-supported Academic Research in the United States", Research Evaluation, Vol. 9, No. 1, April, 2000, pp. 5-10

Cozzens, S.E., "Expert Review in Evaluating Programs", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 14, No. 2, April, 1987, pp. 71-81

Crane, Diana, "Scientists at Major and Minor Universities: A Study of Productivity and Recognition", American Sociological Review, Vol. 30, No. 5, October, 1965, pp. 699-714

Crim, J.W., "Management Audit of a Research Institute: A Case History", Journal of the Society of Research Administrators, Vol. 9, No. 4, Spring, 1978, pp. 14-20

Cristiano, John J., Liker, Jeffrey K. and White III, Chelsea C., "Key Factors in the Successful Application of Quality Function Deployment (QFD)", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 48, No. 1, February, 2001, pp. 81-95

Crow, M.M., "Technology and Knowledge Transfer in Energy R&D Laboratories", Evaluation and Program Planning, Vol. 11, No. 1, 1988, pp. 85-95

Cupello, James M., "Training Technologists in Experimental Design", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 42, No. 5, September-October, 1999, pp. 47-55

Cutler, W.G., "What Should Jim Do?", Research Management, Vol. 30, No. 3, May-June, 1987, p. 44

Cutler, W.G., "Who Would You Promote", Research Management, Vol. 29, No. 5, September-October, 1986, pp. 43-45

Dai, Ou and Xiaohui, Liu, "Returnee Entrepreneurs and Firm Performance in Chinese High-technology Industries", International Business Review, Vol. 18, No. 4, August, 2009, pp. 373-386

Dalpe, Robert and Anderson, Frances, "National Priorities in Academic Research - Strategic Research and Contracts in Renewable Energies", Research Policy, Vol. 24, No. 4, July, 1995, pp. 563-581

Daniel, H.-D., "Guardians of Science", Weinheim, Germany: VCH, 1993

Danila, N.V., "Evaluating Pharmaceutical R&D", in Managing High Technology: An Interdisciplinary Perspective, B.W. Mar, W.T. Newell and B.O. Saxbergs, eds., New York: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1985, pp. 25-40

Dar-El, E.M. and Meyersdorf, Doron, "Raising R&D Productivity - One More Look!", in Productivity Management Frontiers - II, Vol. 1, D. Sumanth, et al, eds, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, pp. 103-109

Davidson, Jeffrey M. and Pruden, Ann Lorette, "Quality Deployment in R&D Organizations", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 39, No. 1, January-February, 1996, pp. 49-55

Dean, B.V., "A Research Laboratory Performance Model", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. EM-14, No. 1, March, 1967, pp. 44-46

Debackere, Koenraad and Rappa, Michael A., "An International Comparison of Scientists in an Emerging Field", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 8, Nos. 6-8, 1993, pp. 740-763

De Bandt, Jacques, "Research and Innovation: Evaluation Problems and Procedures at Different Levels", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 10, Nos. 4-6, 1995, pp. 365-377

De Cotiis, T.A. and Dyer, Lee, "Defining and Measuring Project Performance", Research Management, Vol. 22, No. 1, January, 1979, pp. 17-22

Debackere, Koenraad, Van Looy, Bart and Vliegen, Jan, "A Process View on Managing Quality During the Creation of Technical Innovations: Lessons from Field Research", R&D Management, Vol. 27, No. 3, July, 1997, pp. 197-211

De la Mothe, John, "The Political Nature of Science and Indicators", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 19, No. 6, December, 1992, pp. 401-406

De la Mothe, John, "The Revision of International Science Indicators: The Frascati Manual", Technology In Society, Vol. 14, No. 4, 1992, pp. 427-440

De la Paz-Marin, Mónica, Campoy-Muñoz, Pilar and Hervás-Martinez, César, "Non-linear Multiclassifier Model Based on Artificial Intelligence to Predict Research and Development Performance in European Countries", Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 79, No. 9, November, 2012, pp. 1731-1745

De Lean, Peter, "The Evaluation of Technology R&D", Research Policy, Vol. 11, No. 6, December, 1982, pp. 347-357

De Meuse, K.P. and Lounsbury, J.W., "Appraising the Performance of R&D Subcontractors", Research Management, Vol. 24, No. 5, September, 1981, pp. 32-37

Deniozos, Dimitris, "The Process of Rationalisation in the Impact Evaluation of RTD Restructuring Programmes", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 21, No. 1, February, 1994, pp. 23-30

De Weerd-Nederhof, Petra C., van Harten, Willem H., Boer, Harry and Hermens, Hermie, "Assessing R&D Quality in Rehabilitation Technology Development: The Case of Roessingh Research and Development", R&D Management, Vol. 27, No. 3, July, 1997, pp. 225-238

Dickson, David, "Study of Big Science Groups Hits Raw Nerve", Science, Vol. 220, April 29, 1983, pp. 482-483

Dillon, Thomas A., Lee, Richard K. and Matheson, David, "Value Innovation: Passport to Wealth Creation", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 48, No. 2, March-April, 2005, pp. 22-36

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