Section Thirty Five

Effects of Regulation on Technological Innovation

 

TOPICS COVERED IN THIS SECTION INCLUDE:

Modified: January 9, 2017

Abraham, John and Lewis, Graham, "Regulating Medicines in Europe: Competition, Expertise, and Public Health", London: Routledge, 2000

Baark, Erik and Jamison, Andrew, "Biotechnology and Culture: The Impact of Public Debates on Government Regulation in the United States and Denmark", Technology In Society, Vol. 12, No. 1, 1990, pp. 27-44

Bannerman, D.C., "TSCA and Chemical Innovation", ChemTech, Vol. 13, No. 4, April, 1983, pp. 214-217

Bartels, Ditla, "Human Embryos as Research Material", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 14, No. 3, June, 1987, pp. 139-144

Behuniak-Long, Susan, "Roe vs Wade: The Impact of an Outdated Decision on Reproductive Technologies", Policy Studies Review, Vol. 8, No. 2, Winter, 1989, pp. 368-379

Bellmann, Klaus and Khare, Anshuman, "European Response to Issues in Recylcing Car Plastics", Technovation, Vol. 19, No. 12, December, 1999, pp. 721-734

Berry, Dorothy, "Managing the Risks in Medical Technolgy", Risk Management, Vol. 41, No. 2, February, 1994, pp. 25-29

Bilmeyer, Katrin, "Belgium: Federalising Biotechnology Regulation", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 23, No. 3, June, 1996, pp. 185-190

Bird, Benedict, Brown, Jeremy and Robert, Gavin, "Reforming the Technology Transfer Regulation", les Nouvelles, Vol. 38, No. 3, September, 2003, pp. 149-150

Birnbaum, P.H., "The Choice of Strategic Alternatives Under Increasing Regulation in High Technology Companies", Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 27, No. 3, September, 1984, pp. 489-510

Boucher, W.I. and Anderson, Mark, "The Effect of EPA Regulations on U.S. Industrial Innovation", in Technological Innovation: The Experimental R&D Incentives Program, D.E. Cunningham, R.J. Craig and T.W. Schie, eds., Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1977

Boucher, W.I., Anderson, M., Beckett, S., Culbertson, L. and Strong, Pritchard, "The Impact of EPA Administrative Practices on the Innovation Process in U.S. Companies: A Case Study of Regulatory Barriers to Innovation", Denver, CO: Denver Research Institute, January, 1976

Blind, Knut, Petersen, Sören S. and Riillo, Cesare A.F., "The Impact of Standards and Regulation on Innovation in Uncertain Markets", Research Policy, Vol. 46, Issue 1, February, 2017, pp. 249-264

Braunling G. and Stourdze, Y., "General Overview on the Interaction of Regulation and Innovation", in Innovation in Industry in Relation to Regulations in the Areas of Environmental Protection, Occupational Health and Safety and In Telecommunications, Proceedings of the Six Countries Program, The Hague, June, 1979, pp. 1-11

Brehm, H.E., "Product Safety", Research Management, Vol. 21, No. 1, January, 1978, pp. 21-23

Brickman, R, Jasanoff, S. and Ilgen, T., "Controlling Chemicals: The Politics of Regulation in Europe and the United States", Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1985

Brockhoff, Klaus, Chakrabarti, Alok K. and Kirchgeorg, Manfred, "Corporate Strategies in Environmental Management", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 42, No. 4, July-August, 1999, pp. 26-30

Brooks, T.A., "Regulating International Trade in Launch Services", High Technology Law Journal, Vol. 6, No. 1, Spring, 1991, pp. 59-107

Brown, Jeremy R.C., "Risk of 'Contravention' in Europe", les Nouvelles, Vol. 32, No. 4, December, 1997, pp. 202-205

Bruneau, Joel F., "A Note on Permits, Standards, and Technological Innovation", Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Vol. 48, No. 3, November, 2004, pp. 1192-1199

Burgess, Joanna E., Longhurst, P., Quarmby, J. and Stephenson, T., "Direct Toxicity Assessment: Adaptation and the Proactive Roles of Regulators and Operators", Technovation, Vol. 20, No. 6, June, 2000, pp. 313-320

Burton, R.M. and Obel, Borge, "Implications of Deregulation: An Overview", Technovation, Vol. 5, Nos. 1-3, October, 1986, pp. 1-7

Burton, R.M. and Obel, Borge, "Environmental-Organizational Relations: The Effects of Deregulation", Technovation, Vol. 5, Nos. 1-3, October, 1986, pp. 23-34

Campagna, Norbert, "Luxembourg: Regulating and Deterring Biotechnology", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 23, No. 3, June, 1996, pp. 191-194

Cantrall, E.W., "Laboratory Practices, Regulations and Laboratory Accreditation", Research Management, Vol. 21, No. 1, January, 1978, pp. 17-20

Chakrabarti, A.K. and Souder, W.E., "Government Regulations: Barriers or Stimuli to New Products and Innovation?", in Contemporary Marketing Thought, B.A. Greenberg and D.N. Bellenger, eds., Chicago, IL: American Marketing Association, 1977, pp. 196- 198

Chatterji, Deb, "Achieving Leadership in Environmental R&D", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 38, No. 2, March-April, 1995, pp. 37-42

Chenea, P.F., "The Costs and Effects of Regulations", Research Management, Vol. 20, No. 2, March, 1977, pp. 22-26

Chiang, Jong-Tsong, "Dilemmas of U.S. Export Control of Technology to China", Journal of Technology Transfer, Vol. 12, No. 1, Fall, 1987, pp. 9-18

Christie, S.A., "Anti-Dumping Policy of the European Community and the Growing Spectre of Protectionism in Technology-related Goods", Rutgers Computer and Technology Law Journal, Vol. 16, No. 2, 1990, pp. 475-507

Cole, Leonard A., "Element of Risk: The Politics of Radon", Washington, DC: AAAS Presss, 1993

Crooke, S.T., "Federal Regulation of Environmental Releases of Genetically Manipulated Microorganisms", Rutgers Computer and Technology Law Journal, Vol. 11, No. 2, 1985, pp. 301-382

David, Paul A. and Greenstein, Shane, "The Economics of Compatibility Standards: An Introduction to Recent Research", Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Vol. 1, Nos. 1-2, 1990, pp. 3-41

Dashiell, T.R., "The Department of Defence and Biotechnology", Technology In Society, Vol. 8, No. 3, 1986, pp. 223-228

Davis, J.H., "Cellular Mobile Telephone", Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 34, No. 4, December, 1988, pp. 369- 385

Delbono, Flavio and Denicolo, Vincenzo, "Regulating Innovation Activity", International Journal of Industrial Organization, Vol. 11, No. 1, 1993, pp. 35-48

Demetris, Jordan, "The Challenge of Introducing Digital Audio Tape Technology into Consumer Markets", Technology In Society, Vol. 12, No. 1, 1990, pp. 91-100

Denkewalter, R.G., "Research - Are Regulations the Problem?", Proceedings of the 32nd National Conference on the Advancement of Research, Biloxi, MS, September, 1978, pp. 10-12

Deville, Adrian and Turpin, Tim, "Research and Ecologically Sustainable Development: 'How Will We Know What We Want to Know?'", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 24, No. 2, April, 1997, pp. 123-134

Doern, G. Bruce and Reed, Ted, "Science and Scientists in Regulatory Governance: a Mezzo-level Framework for Analysis", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 28, No. 3, June, 2001, pp. 195-204

Donkers, H. Ch., "Sanctions on Technology Transfer", les Nouvelles, Vol. 15, No. 4, December, 1980, pp. 234-237

Edwards, C.C., "The Role of Government and FDA Regulations in Drug R&D", Research Management, Vol. 17, No. 2, March, 1974, pp. 21-23

EIRMA, "Industrial R&D and Environmental Protection", Working Group Report No. 11, and Copenhagen Conference Papers, Vol. 14, Paris: European Industrial Research Management Association, 1973

Endres, Alfred and Bertram, Regina, "The Development of Care Technology Under Liability Law", International Review of Law and Economics, Vol. 26, No. 4, December, 2006, pp. 503-518

Ewing Jr., K.P., "Joint Research, Antitrust, and Innovation", Research Management, Vol. 24, No. 2, March, 1981, pp. 25-29

Faust, R.E., "The Impact of Economic Restraints on R&D Management", Research Management, Vol. 25, No. 6, November, 1982, pp. 13-16

Feller, Irwin and Sink, J.D., "Regulation and Technological Change in the American Meat Industry", Technovation, Vol. 2, No. 2, May, 1984, pp. 69-87

Field Jr., T.G., "Comment: Perceptions of Chief Patent Counsel at Large Corporations of the Effects of Patent Term, Products Liability and Government Regulations on Firm R&D", IDEA: The Journal of Law and Technology, Vol. 32, No. 3, 1992, pp. 277-282

Finch, John, Geiger, Susi and Reid, Emma, "Captured by Technology? How Material Agency Sustains Interaction Between Regularors and Industry Actors", Research Policy, Vol. 46, Issue 1, February, 2017, pp. 160-170

Fischer, W.A., "Imposed R&D: An Examination of the Impact of Environmental Control Requirements on Industrial R&D", Ph.D. Dissertation, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 1984

Fischetti, Mark, "Green Entrepreneurs", Technology Review, Vol. 95, No. 3, April, 1992, pp. 39-45

Fisher, Peter C., "Ownership of Your Genes at Issue", les Nouvelles, Vol. 33, No. 3, September, 1998, pp. 104-106

Foster, R.N. and Gluck, F.W., "Impact of Antitrust and Regulatory Actions on Progress of Technology", Research Management, Vol. 18, No. 4, July, 1975, pp. 7-10

Freeman, C. and Perez, C., "Technical Change and the Theory of Regulation", in Technical Change and Economic Theory, Ch. 3, G.Dosi, C. Freeman, R. Nelsen, G. Silverberg, and L. Soete, eds., London: Frances Pinter, 1988

Funk, Jeffrey L. and Methe, David T., "Market- and Committe-based Mechanisms in the Creation and Diffusion of Global Industry Standards: the Case of Mobile Communication", Research Policy, Vol. 30, No. 4, April, 2001, pp. 589-610

Gamerman, Gary E. and Mackler, Bruce F., "Winning in Today's Biopharmaceutical Marketplace", ChemTech, Vol. 24, No. 12, December, 1994, pp. 37-41

Geffen, Charlette A., "Radical Innovation in Environmental Technologies: the Influence of Federal Policy", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 22, No. 5, October, 1995, pp. 313-323

General Accounting Office, "Regulatory Effects on R&D Are Better Assessed as Part of the Innovation Process", PAD-81-1, Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. General Accounting Office, 1981

Gelberg, J.N., "The Rise and Fall of the Polara Asymmetric Golf Ball: No Hook, No Slice, No Dice", Technology in Society, Vol. 18, No. 1, 1996, pp. 93-110

Gellman, A.J., et al, "Economic Regulation and Technological Innovation: A Cross National Literature Survey and Analysis", Report PB-233085/AS, Washington, DC: National Science Foundation, 1974

Gerstenfeld, Arthur, "Technological Innovation: Government/Industry Cooperation", Ch. 16, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1979, pp. 176-185

Gerstenfeld, Arthur, "Government Regulation Effects on the Direction of Innovation: A Focus on Performance Standards", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. EM-24, No. 3, August, 1977, pp. 82-86

Gerstenfeld, Arthur and Nason, H.K., "The Effect of Government Regulation on Innovation in the Chemical Industry", in Federal Regulation and Chemical Innovation, C.T. Hill, ed., Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, September, 1978

Gibson, T.J., "The Lawyers Are Coming! The Lawyers Are Coming!", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 33, No. 6, November-December, 1990, pp. 7-9

Gilbert, Richard J., Antitrust Policy for the Licensing of Intellectual Property: an International Comparison", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 19, Nos. , 2000, pp. 206-223

Gill, Bernhard, "Germany: Splicing Genes, Splitting Society", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 23, No. 3, June, 1996, pp. 175-180

Gillette, Dean, "How Regulations Encourage and Discourage Innovation", Research Management, Vol. 20, No. 2, March, 1977, pp. 18- 21

Golay, M.W., "How Prometheus Came to be Bound: Nuclear Regulation in America", Technology Review, Vol. 83, No. 7, June/July, 1980, pp. 28-39

Golberg, Leon, "The Safe and Effective Issue - A Scientist's View", Research Management, Vol. 19, No. 2, March, 1976, pp. 10- 13

Goncalves, Maria Eduarda, "Scientific Expertise and European Community Regulatory Processes", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 22, No. 3, June, 1995, pp. 183-187

Grabowski, Henry, "Public Policy and Innovation: The Case of Pharmaceuticals", Technovation, Vol. 1, No. 3, February, 1982, pp. 157-189

Grabowski, H.G., Vernon, J.M. and Thomas, L.G., "The Effects of Regulatory Policy on the Incentives to Innovate: An International Comparative Analysis", in Impact of Public Policy on Drug Innovation and Pricing, S.A. Mitchell and E.A. Link, eds., Washington, DC: The American University, 1976

Grafton, Carl, "Government Policy for Dangerous Inventions in the United States and Great Britain", Policy Sciences, Vol. 24, No. 1, February, 1991, pp. 19-39

Graham, J.D., "Technology, Behavior, and Safety: An Empirical Study of Automobile Occupant-Protection Regulation", Policy Sciences, Vol. 17, No. 2, October, 1984, pp. 141-151

Green, Kenneth, McMeekin, Andrew and Irwin, Alan, "Technological Trajectories and R&D for Environmental Innovation in UK Firms", Futures, Vol. 26, No. 10, December, 1994, pp. 1047-1059

Greenfield, S.M., "Incentives and Disincentives of EPA Regulations", Research Management, Vol. 17, No. 2, March, 1974, pp. 11- 14

Grindley, Peter and Toker, Saadet, "Regulators, Markets and Standards Coordination: Policy Lessons from Telepoint", Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Vol. 2, No. 4, 1993, pp. 319-342

Hall, L.E., "An Overview of FDA Regulation of Biotechnology Derived Products: Dealing with the Collision of Science and Society", Rutgers Computer and Technology Law Journal, Vol. 11, No. 2, 1985, pp. 501-529

Hall, R.L., "Food Safety and Risk/Benefit", Research Management, Vol. 24, No. 1, January, 1981, pp. 28-35

Hannan, M.J. and Rose, A.Z., "The Policy-Cost Index Approach to Modeling Change in Input-Output Coefficients: An Application to Acid Rain Policy", Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 33, No. 1, March, 1988, pp. 13-22

Harrison, Kathryn, "Between Science and Politics: Assessing the Risks of Dioxins in Canada and the United States", Policy Sciences, Vol. 24, No. 4, November, 1991, pp. 367-388

Hart, David M., "Antitrust and Technological Innovation in the US: Ideas, Institutions, Decisions, and Impacts", Research Policy, Vol. 30, No. 6, June, 2001, pp. 923-936

Hartnell, Gaynor, "The Innovation of Agrochemicals: Regulation and Patent Protection", Research Policy, Vol. 25, No. 3, 1996, 379-395

Hatch, O.G., "The Unfavorable Governmental Climate for R&D", Research Management, Vol. 21, No. 2, March, 1978, pp. 16-18

Hauptman, Oscar and Roberts, E.B., "FDA Regulation of Product Risk and its Impact Upon Young Biomedical Firms", Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 3, No. 2, June, 1987, pp. 138-148

Hemnes, T.M.S. and Bishai, M.F., "Export Controls Changing Rapidly", Les Nouvelles, Vol. 26, No. 3, September, 1991, pp. 124-131

Hemphill, Thomas A., "Information Technology and Innovation Policy in the Bush Era", Business Horizons, Vol. 45, No. 1, January-February, 2002, pp. 29-35

Hill, C.T., ed., "Federal Regulation and Chemical Innovation", Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1979

Hill, C.T., "A State-of-the-Art Review of the Effects of Regulation on Technological Innovation in the Chemical and Allied Products Industry", Executive Summary PB-243 727/AS, Washington, DC: National Technical Information Service, 1975

Hislop, J.K., "Influencing the Legislative Process", Research Management, Vol. 18, No. 2, March, 1975, pp. 34-37

Hodgson, John, "Europe, Maastricht, and Biotechnology", Biotechnology, Vol. 10, No. 11, November, 1992, pp. 1421-1424 & 1426

Hodgson, Nicole and Barns, Ian, "Australia's Response to the Framework Convention on Climate Change", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 25, No. 3, June, 1998, pp. 142-154

Hodkinson, Keith, "Spies, Brain Drains and Allied Problems: Reflections on English Industrial Espionage Law", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 3, Nos. 1/2, 1988, pp. 87- 103

Hoffman, A.J. and Kellogg, J.L., "Technology Strategy in a Regulation Driven Market: Lessons from the US Superfund Market", Business Strategy and the Environment, Vol. 5, No. , 1996, pp. 1-11

Horwitz, Bertrand and Kolodny, Richard, "Financial Reporting Regulation and Small Research-Intensive Firms", Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 20, No. 1, January, 1982, pp. 44-49

Huber, P.W., "Biotechnology and the Regulation Hydra", Technology Review, Vol. 90, No. 8, October, 1987, pp. 57-60, 63-65

Hübner, Heinz, "Decisions on Innovation and Diffusion and the Limits of Deregulation", Technovation, Vol. 16, No. 7, July, 1996, pp. 327-339

Hussey, E.O., "Developing and Marketing a Safe Product", Research Management, Vol. 18, No. 2, March, 1975, pp. 20-22

Industrial Research Institute, "Position Statement on Impact of Regulation on Innovation", Research Management, Vol. 22, No. 5, September, 1979, pp. 41-42

Irwin, A. and Vergragt, P., "Re-thinking the Relationship Between Environmental Regulation and Industrial Innovation: The Social Negotiation of Technical Change", Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1989, pp. 57-70

Isaacs, S.L. and Holt, R.J., "Contraceptive Technology and the Law", Technology In Society, Vol. 9, Nos. 3/4, 1987, pp. 339-358

Jaeschke, W.C., "The Toxic Substances Control Act", Research Management, Vol. 21, No. 1, January, 1977, pp. 14-16

Jasanoff, Sheila, "Procedural Choices in Regulatory Science", Technology In Society, Vol. 17, No. 3, 1995, pp. 279-293

Johnson, J.E., "Adaptation to Regulation: An Expensive Process", Proceedings of the 32nd National Conference on the Advancement of Research, Biloxi, MS, September, 1978, pp. 28-32

Kennedy, Donald, "Emphasis on Secrecy a Problem", les Nouvelles, Vol. 21, No. 3, September, 1986, pp. 149-151

Key, M.M., "R&D for Occupational Safety and Health Standards", Research Management, Vol. 17, No. 2, March, 1974, pp. 24-27

Khare, Anshuman, "Planet Earth and Automobiles, with Special Reference to the Indian Automobile Industry", Technovation, Vol. 18, No. 5, May, 1998, pp. 353-360

Kingsbury, D.T., "Balancing Regulatory Control, Scientific Knowledge, and Public Understanding", Basic Life Science, Vol. 45, 1988, pp. 341-350

Kushner, Lawrence, "Consumer Product Safety Commission: What It Is and What It's Doing", Research Management, Vol. 18, No. 2, March, 1975, pp. 12-15

Kuttner, Robert, "How `National Security' Hurts National Competitiveness", Harvard Business Review, Vol. 69, No. 1, January- February, 1991, pp. 140-149

Laubach, G.D., "The Pharmaceutical/Health Industry", Research Management, Vol. 24, No. 2, March, 1981, pp. 9-11

Leenhouts, J.W., "What Do We Really Know About the Impact of Regulation on Innovation", in Federal Regulation and Chemical Innovation, C.T. Hill, ed., American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, September, 1978

Lehr, William, "Compatibility Standards and Industry Competition: Two Case Studies", Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1996, pp. 97-112

Levidow, Les, "Democratizing Technology - or Technologizing Democracy? Regulating Agricultural Biotechnology in Europe", Technology in Society, Vol. 20, No. 2, April, 1998, pp. 211-226

Levidow, Les and Carr, Susan, "UK: Disputing Boundaries of Biotechnology Regulation", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 23, No. 3, June, 1996, pp. 164-170

Levidow, Les, Carr, Susan, von Schomberg, René and Wield, David, "Regulating Agricultural Biotechnology in Europe: Harmonisation Difficulties, Opportunities, Dilemmas", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 23, No. 3, June, 1996, pp. 135-157

Levidow, Les and Tait, Joyce, "Advice on Biotechnology Regulation: The Remit and Composition of the UK's ACRE", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 20, No. 3, June, 1993, pp. 193-209

Levidow, Les and Tait, Joyce, "The Greening of Biotechnology: GMOs and Environment-Friendly Products", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 18, No. 5, October, 1991, pp. 271-280

Lewis, Graham and Abraham, John, "Making Harmonisation Work: the Politics of Scientific Expertise in European Medicines Regulation", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 25, No. 3, June, 1998, pp. 155-170

Lifset, R.J., "The Politics of Risk Assessment: Regulation of Deliberate Release of Genetically Engineered Microorganisms", Technology In Society, Vol. 8, No. 4, 1986, pp. 299-318

Link, A.N., "Productivity Growth, Environmental Regulations and the Composition of R&D", The Bell Journal of Economics, Vol. 13, No. 2, Autumn, 1982, pp. 548-554

Link, A.N. and Tassey, Gregory, "Standards and the Diffusion of Advanced Technology", Evalution and Program Planning, Vol. 11, No. 1, 1988, pp. 97-102

Loader, Brian D., ed., "The Governance of Cyberspace: Politics, Technology and Global Restructuring", London, Routledge, 1997

Long, W.J., "Proliferating Problems: U.S. Management of Strategic Technology after the Cold War", Technology In Society, Vol. 14, No. 4, 1992, pp. 363-376

Luján, José L., Mirabal, Orlando, Borrillow, Daniel, Santesmases, Maria J. and Muñoz, Emilio, "Spain: Transposing EC Biotechnology Directives Through Negotiation", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 23, No. 3, June, 1996, pp. 181-184

Lynn, Frances M. and Malkin, Melissa, "Citizens, Engineers and Air Toxics: Citizen Participation in Technology Based Standard Setting", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 19, Nos. 3-5, 2000, pp. 288-300

Lynn, Leonard H., "Japan's technology Import Policies in the 1950s and 1960s: Did They Increase Industrial Competitiveness?", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 15, Nos. 6/7, 1998, pp. 556-567

Macauley, M.K., "Out of Space? Regulation and Technical Change in Communications Satellites", The American Economic Review, Vol. 76, No. 2, May, 1986, pp. 280-284

Macdonald, G.P., "US Antitrust Law as it Relates to US Joint Research and Development Ventures", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 3, Nos. 1/2, 1988, pp. 123-134

Macdonald, Stuart, "Technology and the Tyranny of Export Controls: Whisper Who Dares", New York: St. Martin's Press, 1990

Mahoney, R.J. and Littlejohn, S.E., "Innovation on Trail: Punitive Damages Versus New Products", Science, Vol. 246, No. 4936, December, 15, 1989, pp. 1395-1399

Malinowski, Michael J. and O'Rourke, Maureen A., "A False Start? The Impact of Federal Policy on the Genotechnology Industry", Yale Journal of Regulation, Vol. 13, No. 1, Winter, 1996, pp. 163-254

Malloy, P.S., "Controls on the Export of Militarily Sensitive Technology: National Security Imperative or U.S. Industry Impediment?", Rutgers Computer and Technology Law Journal, Vol. 18, No. 2, 1992, pp. 841-878

Manners Jr., G.E. and Nason, H.K., "The Decline in Industrial Research - Causes and Cures", Research Management, Vol. 21, No. 5, September, 1978, pp. 8-11

Marcus, A.A., "U.S. Firms; Responses to Regulation: Stonewalling and Opportunism", Long Range Planning, Vol. 20, No. 3, June, 1987, pp. 98-104

Marlow, C.S.E., "OSHA in the Laboratory", ChemTech, Vol. 14, No. 8, August, 1984, pp. 458-461

McCalman, David G., Wilkinson, Timothy J. and Brouthers, Lance E., "The Transfer of Manufacturing Processes and Standards in U.S. Plants Operating in the U.K.", Journal of Technology Transfer, Vol. 25, No. 1, March, 2000, pp. 75-82

McNamara, J.R., "Government Regulation and Innovation in Local Telephone Services", Technovation, Vol. 12, No. 6, September, 1992, pp. 387-396

McNicoll, Geoffrey, "Technology and the Social Regulation of Fertility", Technology In Society, Vol. 9, Nos. 3/4, 1987, pp. 261-273

Mendelowitz, A.I., "Research and Innovation: Regulatory Impediments and Reform Alternatives", Proceedings of the 32nd National Conference on the Advancement of Research, Biloxi, MS, September, 1978, pp. 33-37

Mikl, Markus and Torgersen, Helge, "Austria's Biotechnology Regulation: from 'Virtual Releases' to Public Protest", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 23, No. 3, June, 1996, pp. 195-

Mildenberger, Udo and Khare, Anshuman, "Planning for an Environment-friendly Car", Technovation, Vol. 20, No. 4, April, 2000, pp. 205-214

Morone, J.G. and Woodhouse, E.J., "Averting Catastrophe: Strategies for Regulating Risky Technologies", Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1986

Morris, Norma, "Vial Bodies: Conflicting Interests in the Move to New Institutional Relationships in Biological Medicines Research and Regulation", Research Policy, Vol. 29, No. 2, February, 2000, pp. 149-167

Morris, Norma, "Biological Medicines in the Age of Biotech: Public Policy Issues", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 24, No. 1, February, 1997, pp. 53-62

Munson, Abby, "Risk Associated with and Liability Arising from, Releases of Genetically Manipulated Organisms into the Environment", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 22, No. 2, February, 1995, pp. 51-63

Nameroff, T.J., Garant, R.J. and Albert, M.B., "Adoption of Green Chemistry: An Analysis Based on US Patents", Research Policy, Vol. 33, Nos. 6/7, September, 2004, pp. 959-974

Nason, H.K., "Perception of Barriers to Innovation", Research Management, Vol. 20, No. 1, January, 1977, pp. 17-20

Newburger, D.J., "A Reasoned Approach to Government Regulation: How Can We Separate the Good from the Bad?", in Federal Regulation and Chemical Innovation, C.T. Hill, ed., Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, September, 1978

Nijkamp, Peter, Rodenburg, Caroline A. and Verhoef, Erik T., "The Adoption and Diffusion of Environmentally Friendly Technologies Among Firms", International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 17, No. 4, 1999, pp. 421-437

Noci, Giuliano and Verganti, Roberto, "Managing 'Green' Product Innovation in Small Firms", R&D Management, Vol. 29, No. 1, January, 1999, pp. 3-15

Norberg-Bohm, Vicki and Rossi, Mark, "The Power of Incrementalism: Environmental Regulation and Technological Change in Pulp and Paper Bleaching in the US", Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, Vol. 10, No. 2, June, 1998, pp. 225-246

Obel, Borge, "SAS: Changes in Competition, Strategy, and Organization", Technovation, Vol. 5, Nos. 1-3, October, 1986, pp. 145- 153

Ochs, D.L., "Complying with Human and Animal Research Regulations", Research Management, Vol. 24, No. 5, September, 1981, pp. 38-40

Olsen, Trond E., "Regulation of Multiagent Research and Development", The RAND Journal of Economics, Vol. 24, No. 4, Winter, 1993, pp. 529-541

Palermo, Christopher J., "Software Engineering Malpractice and Its Avoidance", Intellectual Property Law, Vol. 2, No. 2, 1994, pp. 87-99

Parkhe, Arvind, "U.S. National Security Export Controls: Implications for Global Competitiveness of U.S. High-Tech Firms", Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 13, No. 1, January, 1992, pp. 47-66

Pertschuk, Michael, "The King's Dilemma", ChemTech, Vol. 10, No. 9, September, 1980, pp. 526-527

Popp, David, "International Innovation and Diffusion of Air Pollution Control Technologies: the Effects of NOx and SO2 Regulation in the US, Japan and Germany", Journal of Econvironmental Economics and Management, Vol. 51, No. 1, January, 2006, pp. 46-71

Prieger, James E., "Regulatory Delay and the Timing of Product Innovation", International Journal of Industrial Organization, Vol. 25, No. 2, April, 2007, pp. 219-236

Puett, D.L., "The Three Dimensions of Government Intervention in Industrial Innovation: Regulation in Perspective", Journal of Technology Transfer, Vol. 6, No. 1, Fall, 1981, pp. 41-56

Quinn, J.B., "National Policies for Science & Technology - New Approaches for New Public Needs", Research Management, Vol. 20, No. 6, November, 1977, pp. 11-18

Raelin, J.A. and Sokol, B.B., "Rethinking the Relationship Between Regulation and R&D Lag", Business Forum, Vol. 7, 1982, pp. 11-13

Rappert, Brian, "The US Extension of Plant Variety Protection: A Critical Evaluation", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 22, No. 2, April, 1995, pp. 95-105

Rathmann, G.B., "Meeting the Global Challenge in Biotechnology", Research Management, Vol. 29, No. 5, September-October, 1986, pp. 36-42

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