Section Five

Relationship Between Age of Technical Personnel
And Productivity


TOPICS COVERED IN THIS SECTION INCLUDE:


Modified: January 3, 2002

Allen, Thomas, Katz, Ralph, Grady, J.J. and Slavin, Neil, "Project Team Aging and Performance: The Roles of Project and Functional Managers", R&D Management, Vol. 18, No. 4, October, 1988, pp. 295-308

Anderson, A.G., "Maintaining Vitality in R&D Organizations", Research Management, Vol. 14, No. 4, July, 1971, pp. 47-57

Aryee, Samuel, "Combating Obsolescence: Predictors of Technical Updating Among Engineers", Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, Vol. 8, No. 2, August, 1991, pp. 103-119

Badawy, M.K., "Management Strategies for Combating Job Stress: Implications for Engineering Managers", Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Meeting of the American Society for Engineering Management, Washington, DC, October, 16-18, 1983, pp. 57-60

Bennett, Rawson, "Obsolescence of Engineers and Scientists", in Improving Effectiveness in Research and Development, R.E. Cole, ed., Washington, DC: Thompson Book Co., 1967

Blau, BenAmi, "How IBM Technical Professionals Perceive their Work Environment", Research-Technology Management, Vol. 32, No. 1, January-February, 1989, pp. 27-30

Bloch, Erich, "Countering Obsolescence in the Workplace", Research Management, Vol. 27, No. 6, November-December, 1984, p. 6

Bosworth, D.L., "The Rate of Obsolescence of Technical Knowledge", The Journal of Industrial Economics, Vol. 26, No. 3, March, 1978, pp. 273-279

Branscomb, L.M., "Staff Obsolescence - Its Cost and Prevention", Research Management, Vol. 16, No. 2, March, 1973, pp. 16-19

Buchan, R.M., "A Bank Account Program for Professional Development", Research Management, Vol. 16, No. 2, March, 1973, pp. 24- 28

Buell, C.K. and Pollock, L.W., "Maintaining Engineering Professionalism", Research Management, Vol. 8, No. 4, July, 1965, pp. 207-217

Burke, R.J., "Effects of Aging on Engineer's Satisfactions and Mental Health: Skill Obsolescence", Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 12, No. 4, December, 1969, pp. 479-486

Clarke, Thomas E., "Continuing Education for Scientists", Canadi an Research, Vol. 18, February, 1985, pp. 18, 20, 32

Cohen, J.E., "Size, Age and Productivity of Scientific and Technical Research Groups", Scientometrics, Vol. 20, No. 3, March- April, 1991, pp. 395-416

Covner, B.J., "Engineers in Midstream: A Study of Engineers Seeking Professional Career Guidance", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. EM-10, No. 1, March, 1963, pp. 15-18

Crocker, B.B., Cecil, L.K. and Witt Jr., P.A., "Conversion of Engineers - Will It Work?", Chemical Engineering Progress, Vol. 67, No. 9, September, 1971, pp. 21-32

Dalton, G.W. and Thompson, P.H., "Accelerating Obsolescence of Older Engineers", Harvard Business Review, Vol. 49, No. 5, September-October, 1971, pp. 57-67

Dalton, G.W., Thompson, P.H. and Price, R.L., "The Four Stages of Professional Careers", ChemTech, Vol. 9, No. 3, March, 1979, pp. 138-147

Decker, W.D. and Van Atta, C.M., "Controlling Staff Age, and Flexible Retirement Plans", Research Management, Vol. 16, No. 1, January, 1973, pp. 16-21

Dennis, W., "The Age Decrement in Outstanding Scientific Contributions: Fact or Artifact?", American Psychologist, Vol. 13, No. 8, August, 1958, pp. 457-460

Dubin, S.S., "Continuing Education - Whose Responsibility?", ChemTech, Vol. 3, No. 3, March, 1973, pp. 160-166

Dubin, S.S., Shelton, Howard and McConnell, J., eds., "Maintaining Professional and Technical Competence of the Older Engineers - Engineering and Psychological Aspects", Washington, DC: American Society for Engineering Education, 1974

Dubin, S.S., Shelton, H. and McConnell, J., "Maintaining Professional Competence of the Older Engineer", Washington, DC: American Society for Engineering Education, July, 1973

EIRMA, "Managing Mature Scientists", Workshop Report, Paris: European Industrial Research Management Association, 1990

Evan, W.M., "The Problem of Obsolescence of Knowledge", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. EM-10, No. 1, March, 1963, pp. 29-31

Falk, H., "Why and Ways for Keeping Up", IEEE Spectrum, Vol. 11, No. 5, May, 1974, pp. 36-45

Farr, J.L., Dubin, S.S., Enscore, E.E., Kozlowski, S.W.J. and Cleveland, J.N., "Relationships Among Individual Motivation, Work Environment, and Updating in Engineers", Psychological Documents, Vol. 13, 16. (Ms. No. 2563), 1983

Farr, J.L., Enscore, E.E., Dubin, S.S., Cleveland, J.N. and Kozlowski, S.W.J., "Behavior Anchored Scales: A Method for Identifying Continuing Education Needs of Engineers", Psychological Documents, Vol. 13, 16., (Ms. No. 2562), 1983

Ferdinand, T.N., "On the Obsolescence of Scientists and Engineers", American Scientist, Vol. 54, No. 1, March, 1966, pp. 46- 56

Gerpott, T.J. and Domsch, Michel, "R&D Professionals' Reactions to the Career Plateau: Mediating Effects of Supervisory Behaviours and Job Characteristics", R&D Management, Vol. 17, No. 2, April, 1987, pp. 103-118

Gerpott, Torsten and Domsch, Michel, "Age Structure Shifts in Research & Development (R&D)", R&D Management, Vol. 14, No. 3, July, 1984, pp. 129-146

Ginsburg, I.S., "Continuing Education at Whiting", Hydrocarbon Processing, Vol. 49, No. 1, January, 1970, pp. 177-179

Graves, J.P., "Age and Performance of Scientists and Engineers: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Comparisons", Ph.D. Dissertation, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 1975

Hall, D.T. and Mansfield, R., "Relationships of Age and Seniority with Career Variables of Engineers and Scientists", Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 60, No. 2, 1975, pp. 201-210

Hannan, M.T., Burton, M.D. and Baron, J.N., "Inertia and Change in the Early Years: Employment Relations in Young, High-technology Firms", Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol. 5, 1996, pp. 503-536

Hofstader, R.A., "How Exxon Runs Its Technical Education Program", Research Management, Vol. 27, No. 6, November-December, 1984, pp. 27-29

Holloway, F.A.L., Petrella, A. and Swabb Jr., L.E., "How to Foster the Continuing Development of Professional People", Research Management, Vol. 13, No. 4, July, 1970, pp. 281-289

Industrial Research Institute, "Continued Development of Technical Personnel - Prevention of Obsolescence", Research Management, Vol. 8, No. 3, May, 1965, pp. 159-167

Industrial Research Institute, "Improving the Technical Competence of Research Workers", Industrial Research Institute Study Group No. 5, Research Management, Vol. 4, No. 4, Winter, 1961, pp. 255-269

Katz, Ralph, "As Research Teams Grow Older", Research Management, Vol. 27, No. 1, January-February, 1984, pp. 23-28

Katz, Ralph, "The Effects of Group Longevity on Project Communication and Performance", Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 27, No. 1, March, 1982, pp. 81-104

Kaufman, H.G., "Obsolescence of Technical Professionals: A Measure and a Model", Applied Psychology International Review, Vol. 38, 1989, pp. 73-85

Kaufman, H.G., "Continuing Education for Up-Dating Technical People", Research Management, Vol. 18, No. 4, July, 1975, pp. 20- 23

Kaufman, H.G., ed., "Career Management: A Guide to Combating Obsolescence", New York: Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Press, 1975

Kaufman, H.G., "Obsolescence and Professional Career Devel opment", New York: American Management Association, 1974

Kaufman, H.G., "Relationship to Early Work Challenge to Job Performance, Professional Contributions and Competency of Engineers", Journal of Applied Psychology, June, 1974, pp. 377-389

Kaufman, H.G., "A Critical Incident Study of Personal Characteristics Associated with Technical Obsolescence Among Engineers", Studies in Personnel Psychology, Vol. 5, No. 1, Spring, 1973, pp. 63-67

Kimblin, C.W. and Souder, W.E., "Maintaining Staff Productivity as Half-Life Decreases", Research Management, Vol. 18, No. 6, November, 1975, pp. 29-35

Kozlowski, S.W.J., "Engineer Technical Performance and Updating: A Model of Empirical Evaluation", Presented at the Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Anaheim, CA: August, 1983

Kozlowski, S.W.J. and Hults, B.M., "An Exploration of Climates for Technical Updating and Performance", Personnel Psychology, Vol. 40, No. 3, Autumn, 1987, pp. 539-563

Landis, Fred, "Continuing Engineering Education: Who Really Needs It", ASEE Continuing Engineering Studies Series No. 4, Washington, DC: American Society for Engineering Education, 1970, pp. 35-54

Landy, F.J., "Developing Scales for Measuring Obsolescence", Research Management, Vol. 18, No. 4, July, 1975, pp. 11-14

Lavorie, F.J., "Engineering Retraining: Hope or Hokum?", Machine Design, November 25, 1971, pp. 66-72

Lehman, H.C., "The Most Creative Years of Engineers and Other Technologists", Journal of Genetic Psychology, Vol. 108, No. 2, June, 1966, pp. 263-277

Lehman, H.C., "The Age Decrement in Outstanding Scientific Creativity", American Psychologist, Vol. 15, No. 2, February, 1960, pp. 128-134

Lehman, H.C., "The Chemist's Most Creative Years", Science, Vol. 127, No. 3308, May 23, 1958, pp. 1213-1222

Lehman, H.C., "Age and Achievement", Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1953

Levin, S.G. and Stephan, P.E., "Research Productivity Over the Life Cycle: Evidence for Academic Scientists", The American Economic Review, Vol. 81, No. 1, March, 1991, pp. 114-132

Luberoff, B.J., "Current Practice in Continuing Education", ChemTech, Vol. 12, No. 1, January, 1982, pp. 12-18

Mali, Paul, "Measurement of Obsolescence in Engineering Practitioners", in Career Management: A Guide to Combating Obsolescence, H.G. Kaufman, ed., New York: IEEE Press, 1975, pp. 25-35

Margulies, Newton and Raia, A.P., "Scientists, Engineers and Technological Obsolescence", California Management Review, Vol. 10, No. 2, Winter, 1967, pp. 43-48

Martin Jr., T.L., "GENESYS: Florida's Weapon Against Technological Obsolescence", Research Management, Vol. 8, No. 6, November, 1965, pp. 359-368

Martinec, E.L., "The Expanding Field of Continuing Education", Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Joint Engineering Management Conference, Washington, DC: 1975, pp. 35-45

McCormick, Kevin, "Career Paths, Technological Obsolescence and Skill Formation: R&D Staff in Britain and Japan", R&D Management, Vol. 25, No. 2, April, 1995, pp. 197-211

Miller, D.B., "How to Improve the Performance and Productivity of the Knowledge Worker", Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 5, No. 3, Winter, 1977, pp. 62-80

Miller, D.B., "Managing for Long-Term Technical Vitality", Research Management, Vol. 18, No. 4, July, 1975, pp. 15-19

Miller, D.B., "Professional Growth, A Shared Responsibility", Research Management, Vol. 7, No. 6, November, 1964, pp. 407-417

Oberg, W., "Age and Achievement and the Technical Man", Personnel Psychology, Vol. 13, No. 2, Summer, 1960, pp. 245-259

Pelz, D.C. and Andrews, Frank, "Age", in Scientists in Organizations, New York: Wiley, 1976, (Ch. 10), pp. 174-199; "Age and Climate", (Ch. 11), pp. 200-213

Pelz, D.C., "The Creative Years and the Research Environment", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. EM-11, No. 1, March, 1964, pp. 23-29

Posner, B.Z., Hall, J.L. and Harder, J.W., "People Are Our Most Important Resource, But: Encouraging Employee Development", Business Horizons, Vol. 29, No. 5, September/October, 1986, pp. 52-54

Price, R.L., Thompson, P.H. and Dalton, G.W., "A Longitudinal Study of Technological Obsolescence", Research Management, Vol. 18, No. 6, November, 1975, pp. 22-28

Renck, Richard, Kahn, K.L. and Gardner, B.B., "Continuing Education - Current Policy and Practice in Industrial Research", Research Management, Vol. 13, No. 5, September, 1970, pp. 351-366

Rinehart, W.T., "Continuing Education in Industry", Re search/Development, Vol. 21, No. 5, May, 1970, pp. 32-36

Roberts, E.B., "The Problem of Aging Organizations - A Study of R&D Units", Business Horizons, Vol. 10, No. 4, Winter, 1967, pp. 51-58

Roe, A., "Psychology of Scientists", in The Management of Scientists, Karl Hill, ed., Boston, MA: Beacon, 1964

Rosenbaum, Jan, "Technological Substitution and the Death of an Industry", Technology In Society, Vol. 16, No. 1, 1994, pp. 85-95

Rothman, R.A. and Perrucci, Robert, "Organizational Careers and Professional Expertise", Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 15, No. 3, September, 1970, pp. 282-293

Saleh, S.D. and Desai, K., "Occupational Stressors for Engineers", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. EM- 33, No. 1, February, 1986, pp. 6-11

Scharge, Hermann, "Age vs. Efficiency", ChemTech, Vol. 7, No. 3, March, 1977, pp. 153-154

Seifert, W.W., "The Prevention and Cure of Obsolescence in Scientific and Technical Personnel", Research Management, Vol. 7, No. 2, March, 1964, pp. 143-154

Shapero, Albert, "Making the Technical Unemployed Productive Again", Innovation, No. 31, May, 1972, pp. 38-48

Shearer, R.L. and Steger, J.A., "Manpower Obsolescence: A New Definition and Empirical Investigation of Personal Variables", Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 18, No. 2, June, 1975, pp. 263-275

Smith, C.G., "Age of R and D Groups: A Reconsideration", Human Relations, Vol. 23, No. 2, April, 1970, pp. 81-96

Sørensen, Jesper B. and Stuart, Toby E., "Aging, Obsolescence, and Organizational Innovation", Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 45, No. 1, March, 2000, pp. 81-112

Steiner, D.D. and Farr, J.L., "Career Goals, Organizational Reward Systems and Technical Updating in Engineers", Journal of Occupational Psychology, Vol. 59, No. 1, March, 1986, pp. 13-24 ???

Stewart, N. and Sparks, W., "Patent Productivity of Research Chemists as Related to Age and Experience", Personnel and Guidance Journal, Vol. 45, 1966, pp. 28-36

Thompson, P.H. and Dalton, G.W., "Are R&D Organizations Obsolete?", Harvard Business Review, Vol. 54, No. 6, November- December, 1976, pp. 105-116

Thumann, Albert, "An Experiment in Retraining", IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. EM-19, No. 2, May, 1972, pp. 72- 74

Torpey, W.G., "Company Investment in Continuing Education for Scientists and Engineers", Educational Record, Vol. 45, No. 4, Fall, 1964, pp. 408-413

Tucker, F.D., "A Study of the Training Needs of Older Workers: Implications for Human Resources Development Planning", Public Personnel Management, Vol. 14, No. 1, Spring, 1985, pp. 85-95

Underwood, Wm. J., "The Relationship Between Age and Performance of Engineers: A Replication and Extension", Engineering Management International, Vol. 3, No. 4, January, 1986, pp. 245-252

Underwood, Wm. J., "RCA's Technical Excellence Programs", Engineering Management International, Vol. 1, No. 2, May, 1982, pp. 141-145

Vincent, G.C., "Being Practical About Technical Obsolescence", Chemical Engineering, Vol. 74, No. 16, July 31, 1967, p. 120

Walker, G.M., "What's to Be Done About the Race to Stay an EE After 40?", Electronics, Vol. 48, No. 22, October 30, 1975, pp. 100-104

Wheeler, E.A., "Education for Anti-Obsolescence?", Training and Development Journal, Vol. 22, No. 6, June, 1968, pp. 21-26

Willis, S.L. and Dubin, Samuel, eds., "Maintaining Professional Competence: Approaches to Career Enhancement, Vitality and Success Throughout a Work Life", San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1990

Wolff, M.F., "Keeping R&D Professionals Alive", Research Management, Vol. 26, No. 6, November-December, 1983, pp. 7-8

Zelikoff, S.B., "On the Obsolescence and Retraining of Engineering Personnel", Training and Development Journal, Vol. 26, No. 5, May, 1969, pp. 3-14

Zelikoff, S.B., "The Obsolescing Engineer", Science and Technology, No. 88, April, 1969, pp. 46-51

 


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